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Recently, it has been argued [arXiv:1111.6597, arXiv:1005.5173] that different quantum states do necessarily correspond to different elements of reality, under the assumption that quantum mechanics is correct and that measurement settings…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-02-08 GianCarlo Ghirardi , Raffaele Romano

We investigate the meaning of the wave function by analyzing the mass and charge density distributions of a quantum system. According to protective measurement, a charged quantum system has mass and charge density distributing in space,…

General Physics · Physics 2011-07-19 Shan Gao

Studying the extent to which realism is compatible with quantum mechanics teaches us something about the quantum mechanical universe, regardless of the validity of such realistic assumptions. It has also recently been appreciated that these…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-09-28 Nicholas Harrigan , Terry Rudolph

Protective measurements illustrate how Yakir Aharonov's fundamental insights into quantum theory yield new experimental paradigms that allow us to test quantum mechanics in ways that were not possible before. As for quantum theory itself,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2014-03-10 Guy Hetzroni , Daniel Rohrlich

We investigate the meaning of the wave function by analyzing the mass and charge density distribution of a quantum system. According to protective measurement, a charged quantum system has mass and charge density proportional to the modulus…

General Physics · Physics 2011-08-08 Shan Gao

An experiment that would measure non--commuting quantum mechanical observables without collapsing the wave function has been recently proposed by Y Aharonov and J Anandan. These authors argue that this "protected measurement" may give…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2007-05-23 Carlo Rovelli

Given an ontological model of a quantum system, a "genuine measurement," as opposed to a quantum measurement, means an experiment that determines the value of a beable, i.e., of a variable that, according to the model, has an actual value…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-10-10 Roderich Tumulka

We compare the performance of protective quantum measurements to that of standard projective measurements. Performance is quantified in terms of the uncertainty in the measured expectation value. We derive an expression for the relative…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-09-19 Maximilian Schlosshauer

Protective measurement, which was proposed as a method of observing the wavefunction of a single system, is extended to the observation of the density matrix of a single system. d'Espagnat's definition of `proper mixture' is shown to be…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Y. Aharonov , J. Anandan

In discussion of the interpretation of quantum mechanics the terms `ontic' and `epistemic' are often used in the sense of pertaining to what exists, and pertaining to cognition or knowledge respectively. The terms are also often associated…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-06-24 Jonte R. Hance , John Rarity , James Ladyman

Scientific realism is the philosophical stance that science tracks truth, in particular in its depiction of the world's ontology. Ontologically, this involves a commitment to the existence of entities posited by our best scientific…

History and Philosophy of Physics · Physics 2025-07-30 Raoni Arroyo , Jonas R. Becker Arenhart

Measurement in quantum mechanics is generally described as an irreversible process that perturbs the wavefunction describing a quantum system. In this work we establish a formal connection between the measurement description within the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-05-17 Fabio L. Traversa , Guillermo Albareda

A sharper formulation is presented for an interpretation of quantum mechanics advocated by author. As an essential element we put forward conservation laws concerning the ontological nature of a variable, and the uncertainties concerning…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-04-30 Gerard t Hooft

A new, realist interpretation of the quantum measurement processes is given. In this scenario a quantum measurement is a non-equilibrium phase transition in a ``resonant cavity'' formed by the entire physical universe including all its…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-13 Xiaolei Zhang

Within the Ontological Models Framework (OMF), Pusey, Barrett, and Rudolph (PBR) have given an argument by which they claimed that the epistemic view on the wavefunction should be ruled out. This study highlights an incorrect conclusion in…

History and Philosophy of Physics · Physics 2017-06-07 Omid Charrakh

Measurement is an important scientific activity. In most of science, including classical physics, is may be understood as a way of finding out about the physical world and representing the results numerically. No-go theorems show that…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-18 Richard Healey

A new ontological view of the quantum measurement processes is given, which has bearings on many broader issues in the foundations of quantum mechanics as well. In this scenario a quantum measurement is a non-equilibrium phase transition in…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Xiaolei Zhang

This chapter reexamines wave function realism (WFR) through the lens of phenomenology. We begin by situating WFR within the broader debate about the ontology of the quantum state and the temptation to "read off" metaphysics from…

History and Philosophy of Physics · Physics 2026-01-13 Philipp Berghofer , Harald A. Wiltsche

Alter and Yamamoto [Phys. Rev. A 53, R2911 (1996)] claimed to consider ``protective measurements'' [Phys. Lett. A 178, 38 (1993)] which we have recently introduced. We show that the measurements discussed by Alter and Yamamoto ``are not''…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-10-30 Y. Aharonov , L. Vaidman

A recent argument, attributed to Masanes, is claimed to show that the assumption that quantum measurements have definite, objective outcomes, is incompatible with quantum predictions. In this work, a detailed examination of the argument…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-03-30 Elias Okon