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Capsule networks are biologically inspired neural networks that group neurons into vectors called capsules, each explicitly representing an object or one of its parts. The routing mechanism connects capsules in consecutive layers, forming a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-15 Riccardo Renzulli , Enzo Tartaglione , Marco Grangetto

Building on recent work on capsule networks, we propose a new, general-purpose form of "routing by agreement" that activates output capsules in a layer as a function of their net benefit to use and net cost to ignore input capsules from…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-03-02 Franz A. Heinsen

Capsule networks are a class of neural networks that achieved promising results on many computer vision tasks. However, baseline capsule networks have failed to reach state-of-the-art results on more complex datasets due to the high…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-08-29 Josef Gugglberger , David Peer , Antonio Rodríguez-Sánchez

Capsule networks (CapsNets) aim to parse images into a hierarchy of objects, parts, and their relations using a two-step process involving part-whole transformation and hierarchical component routing. However, this hierarchical relationship…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-10-25 Pourya Shamsolmoali , Masoumeh Zareapoor , Swagatam Das , Eric Granger , Salvador Garcia

Capsule Networks (CapsNets) is a machine learning architecture proposed to overcome some of the shortcomings of convolutional neural networks (CNNs). However, CapsNets have mainly outperformed CNNs in datasets where images are small and/or…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-09-07 Juan P. Vigueras-Guillén , Arijit Patra , Ola Engkvist , Frank Seeliger

Capsule Networks (CapsNets) are brand-new architectures that have shown ground-breaking results in certain areas of Computer Vision (CV). In 2017, Hinton and his team introduced CapsNets with routing-by-agreement in "Sabour et al" and in a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-08-03 Moein Hasani , Amin Nasim Saravi , Hassan Khotanlou

We propose Pure CapsNets (P-CapsNets) which is a generation of normal CNNs structurally. Specifically, we make three modifications to current CapsNets. First, we remove routing procedures from CapsNets based on the observation that the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-12-19 Zhenhua Chen , Xiwen Li , Chuhua Wang , David Crandall

A sophisticated hybrid quantum convolutional neural network (HQCNN) is conceived for handling the pilot assignment task in cell-free massive MIMO systems, while maximizing the total ergodic sum throughput. The existing model-based solutions…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2025-07-10 Doan Hieu Nguyen , Xuan Tung Nguyen , Seon-Geun Jeong , Trinh Van Chien , Lajos Hanzo , Won Joo Hwang

Capsule networks are a type of neural network that have recently gained increased popularity. They consist of groups of neurons, called capsules, which encode properties of objects or object parts. The connections between capsules encrypt…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-04-16 Josef Gugglberger , David Peer , Antonio Rodriguez-Sanchez

Routing methods in capsule networks often learn a hierarchical relationship for capsules in successive layers, but the intra-relation between capsules in the same layer is less studied, while this intra-relation is a key factor for the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-06-23 Yang Li , Wei Zhao , Erik Cambria , Suhang Wang , Steffen Eger

Past few years have witnessed exponential growth of interest in deep learning methodologies with rapidly improving accuracies and reduced computational complexity. In particular, architectures using Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) have…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2018-05-11 Sai Samarth R Phaye , Apoorva Sikka , Abhinav Dhall , Deepti Bathula

In recent years, the CNNs have achieved great successes in the image processing tasks, e.g., image recognition and object detection. Unfortunately, traditional CNN's classification is found to be easily misled by increasingly complex image…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2019-11-12 Xingyao Zhang , Shuaiwen Leon Song , Chenhao Xie , Jing Wang , Weigong Zhang , Xin Fu

CapsNet (Capsule Network) was first proposed by~\citet{capsule} and later another version of CapsNet was proposed by~\citet{emrouting}. CapsNet has been proved effective in modeling spatial features with much fewer parameters. However, the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2018-08-28 Zhenhua Chen , David Crandall

Capsule networks are constrained by the parameter-expensive nature of their layers, and the general lack of provable equivariance guarantees. We present a variation of capsule networks that aims to remedy this. We identify that learning all…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-09-27 Sairaam Venkatraman , S. Balasubramanian , R. Raghunatha Sarma

Capsule networks offer interesting properties and provide an alternative to today's deep neural network architectures. However, recent approaches have failed to consistently achieve competitive results across different image datasets. We…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-07-23 Alexander Fuchs , Franz Pernkopf

How to improve the efficiency of routing procedures in CapsNets has been studied a lot. However, the efficiency of capsule convolutions has largely been neglected. Capsule convolution, which uses capsules rather than neurons as the basic…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-04-07 Zhenhua Chen , Xiwen Li , Qian Lou , David Crandall

This paper presents an empirical exploration of the use of capsule networks for text classification. While it has been shown that capsule networks are effective for image classification, their validity in the domain of text has not been…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-08-15 Jaeyoung Kim , Sion Jang , Sungchul Choi , Eunjeong Park

Capsules are the multidimensional analogue to scalar neurons in neural networks, and because they are multidimensional, much more complex routing schemes can be used to pass information forward through the network than what can be used in…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2019-07-29 Michael Hauser

Capsule Networks outperform Convolutional Neural Networks in learning the part-whole relationships with viewpoint invariance, and the credit goes to their multidimensional capsules. It was assumed that increasing the number of capsule…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-10-23 Siddharth Sahu , Abdulrahman Altahhan

Convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have shown remarkable results over the last several years for a wide range of computer vision tasks. A new architecture recently introduced by Sabour et al., referred to as a capsule networks with…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2018-10-15 Rodney LaLonde , Ulas Bagci