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Volume or centrality fluctuations (CF) is one of the main uncertainties for interpreting the centrality dependence of many experimental observables. The CF is constrained by centrality selection based on particle multiplicity in a reference…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2018-10-24 Mingliang Zhou , Jiangyong Jia

A collision between a proton and a heavy nucleus at ultrarelativistic energy creates particles whose rapidity distribution is asymmetric, with more particles emitted in the direction of the nucleus than in the direction of the proton. This…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2024-07-23 Rupam Samanta , Jean-Yves Ollitrault

Multiplicity distributions of charged particles and their event-by-event fluctuations have been compiled for relativistic heavy-ion collisions from the available experimental data at Brookhaven National Laboratory and CERN and also by the…

Nuclear Experiment · Physics 2016-06-20 Maitreyee Mukherjee , Sumit Basu , Subikash Choudhury , Tapan K. Nayak

Two-particle rapidity (or pseudorapidity) correlation function $C(y_1, y_2)$ was used in analysing fluctuation of particle density distribution in rapidity in high-energy heavy-ion collisions. In our research, we argue that for a centrality…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2017-05-22 Ronghua He , Jing Qian , Lei Huo

In heavy-ion ({\it A-A}) collisions, the correlations among the particles produced across wide range in rapidity, probe the early stages of the reaction. The analyses of forward-backward multiplicity correlations in these collisions are…

Nuclear Experiment · Physics 2015-06-17 Sudipan De , T. Tarnowsky , T. K. Nayak , R. P. Scharenberg , B. K. Srivastava

The centrality and system size dependence of multiplicity fluctuations of charged particles produced in nuclear collisions at $158 A$ GeV was studied by the NA49 collaboration. Centrality selected Pb+Pb collisions, semi-central C+C and…

Nuclear Experiment · Physics 2014-03-03 NA49 Collaboration

Multiplicity fluctuations in heavy ion collisions obtain comparable contributions both from initial stage of the collisions, and from final stage interaction. We calculate the former component, using the ``wounded nucleon'' model and…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2007-05-23 G. V. Danilov , E. V. Shuryak

Results on the study of localized fluctuations in the multiplicity of charged particles and photons produce 158A GeV/c Pb+Pb collisions are presented for four different centrality classes. The charged versus neutral particle multiplicity…

Nuclear Experiment · Physics 2012-08-27 WA98 Collaboration

Predictions on fluctuations of hadron production properties in central heavy ion collisions are presented. They are based on the Statistical Model of the Early Stage and extend previously published results by considering the strongly…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2016-09-21 R. V. Poberezhnyuk , M. I. Gorenstein , M. Gazdzicki

As one of the possible signals for the whereabouts of the critical point on the QCD phase diagram, recently, the multiplicity fluctuations in heavy-ion collisions have aroused much attention. It is a crucial observable of the Beam Energy…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2020-01-24 Hong-Hao Ma , Kai Lin , Wei-Liang Qian , Bin Wang

Two-particle pseudorapidity correlations are analyzed in a simple model, where in the initial stage of the reaction multiple sources, extended in rapidity, are created. We show how the fluctuations of the length of the sources in rapidity…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2016-07-06 Wojciech Broniowski , Piotr Bozek

We discuss recently measured event-by-event multiplicity fluctuations in relativistic heavy-ion collisions. It is shown that the non-monotonic behavior of the multiplicity fluctuations as a function of collision centrality can be fully…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2009-11-10 M. Rybczynski , Z. Wlodarczyk

We analyze the multiplicity correlations between distant forward and backward rapidity regions in relativistic heavy-ion collisions in a superposition framework, where the particle production occurs through independent emission from…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2015-06-15 Adam Olszewski , Wojciech Broniowski

To reconstruct the impact parameter distributions from the selected events sample or centrality, which is defined by two-observables, at intermediate energy heavy ion collisions, we extend the approach proposed by Das \textit{et al.} [Phys.…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2023-09-06 Xiang Chen , Li Li , Ying Cui , Junping Yang , Zhuxia Li , Yingxun Zhang

Event-by-event mean transverse momentum fluctuations ($\langle p_\mathrm{T}\rangle$) serve as a sensitive probe of initial state overlap geometry and energy density fluctuations in relativistic heavy-ion collisions. We present a systematic…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2025-02-14 Liuyao Zhang , Jinhui Chen , Chunjian Zhang

It is well understood that subnuclear fluctuations in the initial state of heavy-ion collisions have an important impact on the creation of long-range correlations in the transverse plane. This is also true for the creation of particle…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2025-10-23 Oscar Garcia-Montero , Sören Schlichting , Jie Zhu

In relativistic heavy-ion collisions, the event-by-event mean transverse momentum fluctuations are sensitive to overlap area and energy density fluctuations in initial state. We present a framework to calculate $p_{\mathrm{T}}$ fluctuations…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2022-09-01 Somadutta Bhatta , Chunjian Zhang , Jiangyong Jia

Correlations and fluctuations (the latter are directly related to the 2-particle correlations) is one of the important directions in analysis of heavy ion collisions. At the current stage of RHIC exploration, when the details matter,…

Nuclear Experiment · Physics 2015-06-26 Sergei A. Voloshin

In the framework of the Glauber approach we analyze the shape parameters of the early-formed system and their event-by-event fluctuations. We test a variety of models: the conventional wounded nucleon model, a model admixing binary…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2008-11-26 Wojciech Broniowski , Piotr Bozek , Maciej Rybczynski

In this paper, we investigate various ways of defining the initial source eccentricity using the Monte Carlo Glauber (MCG) approach. In particular, we examine the participant eccentricity, which quantifies the eccentricity of the initial…

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