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Game semantics is a powerful method of semantic analysis for programming languages. It gives mathematically accurate models ("fully abstract") for a wide variety of programming languages. Game semantic models are combinatorial…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2017-12-04 Dan R. Ghica , Khulood Alyahya

Code clones are similar code fragments that often arise from copy-and-paste programming. Neural networks can classify pairs of code fragments as clone/not-clone with high accuracy. However, finding clones in industrial-scale code needs a…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-04-28 Gul Aftab Ahmed , Muslim Chochlov , Abdul Razzaq , James Vincent Patten , Yuanhua Han , Guoxian Lu , Jim Buckley , David Gregg

Code cloning, a widespread practice in software development, involves replicating code fragments to save time but often at the expense of software maintainability and quality. In this paper, we address the specific challenge of detecting…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-02-27 Lida Zhao , Shihan Dou , Yutao Hu , Yueming Wu , Jiahui Wu , Chengwei Liu , Lyuye Zhang , Yi Liu , Jun Sun , Xuanjing Huang , Yang Liu

The issue of clone code has persisted in software engineering, primarily because developers often copy and paste code segments. This common practice has elevated the importance of clone code detection, garnering attention from both software…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-05-12 QiHong Chen , Lianghao Jiang , Iftekhar Ahmed

Data clones are defined as multiple copies of the same data among datasets. Presence of data clones between datasets can cause issues such as difficulties in managing data assets and data license violations when using datasets with clones…

Databases · Computer Science 2024-07-19 Xu Yang , Gopi Krishnan Rajbahadur , Dayi Lin , Shaowei Wang , Zhen Ming , Jiang

Due to the high inter-class similarity caused by the complex composition and the co-existing objects across scenes, numerous studies have explored object semantic knowledge within scenes to improve scene recognition. However, a resulting…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-08-06 Chuanxin Song , Hanbo Wu , Xin Ma , Yibin Li

Source code clones pose risks ranging from intellectual property violations to unintended vulnerabilities. Effective and efficient scalable clone detection, especially for diverged clones, remains challenging. Large language models (LLMs)…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-10-20 Muslim Chochlov , Gul Aftab Ahmed , James Vincent Patten , Yuanhua Han , Guoxian Lu , David Gregg , Jim Buckley

Most of the web user's requirements are search or navigation time and getting correctly matched result. These constrains can be satisfied with some additional modules attached to the existing search engines and web servers. This paper…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2010-04-13 T. Krishna Kishore , T. Sasi Vardhan , N. Lakshmi Narayana

Semantic composition remains an open problem for vector space models of semantics. In this paper, we explain how the probabilistic graphical model used in the framework of Functional Distributional Semantics can be interpreted as a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2017-09-04 Guy Emerson , Ann Copestake

Detecting code clones is relevant to software maintenance and code refactoring. This challenge still presents unresolved cases, mainly when structural similarity does not reflect functional equivalence, though recent code models show…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-06-16 Jorge Martinez-Gil

Finding the same or similar code snippets in source code is one of fundamental activities in software maintenance. Text-based pattern matching tools such as grep is frequently used for such purpose, but making proper queries for the…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2020-03-13 Katsuro Inoue , Yuya Miyamoto , Daniel M. German , Takashi Ishio

Investigating the code fragments of code clones detected by code clone detection tools is a time-consuming task, especially when a large number of reference source files are available. This paper proposes (i) a method for clustering a clone…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2021-10-05 Daisuke Nishioka , Toshihiro Kamiya

We construct a probabilistic quantum cloning machine by a general unitary-reduction operation. With a postselection of the measurement results, the machine yields faithful copies of the input states. It is shown that the states secretly…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-10-31 Lu-Ming Duan , Guang-Can Guo

Programmers often reuse code from source code repositories to reduce the development effort. Code clones are candidates for reuse in exploratory or rapid development, as they represent often repeated functionality in software systems. To…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2020-12-08 Muhammad Hammad , Önder Babur , Hamid Abdul Basit , Mark van den Brand

The growing prevalence of large language models (LLMs) and vision-language models (VLMs) has heightened the need for reliable techniques to determine whether a model has been fine-tuned from or is even identical to another. Existing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Ruibo Chen , Sheng Zhang , Yihan Wu , Tong Zheng , Peihua Mai , Heng Huang

This study aims to assess the performance of two advanced Large Language Models (LLMs), GPT-3.5 and GPT-4, in the task of code clone detection. The evaluation involves testing the models on a variety of code pairs of different clone types…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-07-03 Zixian Zhang , Takfarinas Saber

In computational biology, biological entities such as genes or proteins are usually annotated with terms extracted from Gene Ontology (GO). The functional similarity among terms of an ontology is evaluated by using Semantic Similarity…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2014-12-24 Mario Cannataro , Pietro Hiram Guzzi , Marianna Milano , Pierangelo Veltri

Classical medium access control (MAC) protocols are interpretable, yet their task-agnostic control signaling messages (CMs) are ill-suited for emerging mission-critical applications. By contrast, neural network (NN) based protocol models…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2022-07-11 Sejin Seo , Jihong Park , Seung-Woo Ko , Jinho Choi , Mehdi Bennis , Seong-Lyun Kim

Semantic Textual Similarity (STS) is a crucial component of many Natural Language Processing (NLP) applications. However, existing approaches typically reduce semantic nuances to a single score, limiting interpretability. To address this,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-15 Diego Miguel Lozano , Daryna Dementieva , Alexander Fraser

Detecting code clones is crucial in various software engineering tasks. In particular, code clone detection can have significant uses in the context of analyzing and fixing bugs in large scale applications. However, prior works, such as…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2020-09-23 Hongfa Xue , Yongsheng Mei , Kailash Gogineni , Guru Venkataramani , Tian Lan