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PLDA is a popular normalization approach for the i-vector model, and it has delivered state-of-the-art performance in speaker verification. However, PLDA training requires a large amount of labeled development data, which is highly…

Sound · Computer Science 2016-09-28 Chenghui Zhao , Lantian Li , Dong Wang , April Pu

Probabilistic Linear Discriminant Analysis (PLDA) was the dominant and necessary back-end for early speaker recognition approaches, like i-vector and x-vector. However, with the development of neural networks and margin-based loss…

Sound · Computer Science 2022-04-26 Zhuo Li , Runqiu Xiao , Zihan Zhang , Zhenduo Zhao , Wenchao Wang , Pengyuan Zhang

Probabilistic linear discriminant analysis (PLDA) is a method used for biometric problems like speaker or face recognition that models the variability of the samples using two latent variables, one that depends on the class of the sample…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-11-27 Luciana Ferrer , Mitchell McLaren

We present a scoring approach for speaker verification that mimics the standard PLDA-based backend process used in most current speaker verification systems. However, unlike the standard backends, all parameters of the model are jointly…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-02-06 Luciana Ferrer , Mitchell McLaren

This paper focuses on multi-enrollment speaker recognition which naturally occurs in the task of online speaker clustering, and studies the properties of different scoring back-ends in this scenario. First, we show that popular cosine…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-02-21 Alexey Sholokhov , Nikita Kuzmin , Kong Aik Lee , Eng Siong Chng

This paper explores how the in- and out-domain probabilistic linear discriminant analysis (PLDA) speaker verification behave when enrolment and verification lengths are reduced. Experiment studies have found that when full-length utterance…

Sound · Computer Science 2016-10-12 Ahilan Kanagasundaram , David Dean , Sridha Sridharan , Clinton Fookes

Conventional automatic speaker verification systems can usually be decomposed into a front-end model such as time delay neural network (TDNN) for extracting speaker embeddings and a back-end model such as statistics-based probabilistic…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-09-02 Chang Zeng , Xiaoxiao Miao , Xin Wang , Erica Cooper , Junichi Yamagishi

Speaker embeddings (x-vectors) extracted from very short segments of speech have recently been shown to give competitive performance in speaker diarization. We generalize this recipe by extracting from each speech segment, in parallel with…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-11-09 Anna Silnova , Niko Brümmer , Johan Rohdin , Themos Stafylakis , Lukáš Burget

In a recent work, we presented a discriminative backend for speaker verification that achieved good out-of-the-box calibration performance on most tested conditions containing varying levels of mismatch to the training conditions. This…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-02-11 Luciana Ferrer , Mitchell McLaren

State-of-the-art speaker recognition systems comprise an x-vector (or i-vector) speaker embedding front-end followed by a probabilistic linear discriminant analysis (PLDA) backend. The effectiveness of these components relies on the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-04-22 Kong Aik Lee , Qiongqiong Wang , Takafumi Koshinaka

Most state-of-the-art Deep Learning (DL) approaches for speaker recognition work on a short utterance level. Given the speech signal, these algorithms extract a sequence of speaker embeddings from short segments and those are averaged to…

Sound · Computer Science 2019-07-03 Miquel India , Pooyan Safari , Javier Hernando

This paper aims to improve the widely used deep speaker embedding x-vector model. We propose the following improvements: (1) a hybrid neural network structure using both time delay neural network (TDNN) and long short-term memory neural…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-02-22 Yun Tang , Guohong Ding , Jing Huang , Xiaodong He , Bowen Zhou

This work presents a novel framework based on feed-forward neural network for text-independent speaker classification and verification, two related systems of speaker recognition. With optimized features and model training, it achieves 100%…

Sound · Computer Science 2017-03-20 Zhenhao Ge , Ananth N. Iyer , Srinath Cheluvaraja , Ram Sundaram , Aravind Ganapathiraju

PLDA is a popular normalization approach for the i-vector model, and it has delivered state-of-the-art performance in speaker verification. However, PLDA training requires a large amount of labelled development data, which is highly…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2017-05-24 Lantian Li , Yixiang Chen , Dong Wang , Chenghui Zhao

This paper analyses the short utterance probabilistic linear discriminant analysis (PLDA) speaker verification with utterance partitioning and short utterance variance (SUV) modelling approaches. Experimental studies have found that instead…

Sound · Computer Science 2016-10-18 Ahilan Kanagasundaram , David Dean , Sridha Sridharan , Clinton Fookes

The effects of speaking-style variability on automatic speaker verification were investigated using the UCLA Speaker Variability database which comprises multiple speaking styles per speaker. An x-vector/PLDA (probabilistic linear…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-08-11 Amber Afshan , Jinxi Guo , Soo Jin Park , Vijay Ravi , Alan McCree , Abeer Alwan

Acoustic models using probabilistic linear discriminant analysis (PLDA) capture the correlations within feature vectors using subspaces which do not vastly expand the model. This allows high dimensional and correlated feature spaces to be…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2015-06-23 Liang Lu , Steve Renals

We investigate deep neural network performance in the textindependent speaker recognition task. We demonstrate that using angular softmax activation at the last classification layer of a classification neural network instead of a simple…

Sound · Computer Science 2018-04-27 Sergey Novoselov , Andrey Shulipa , Ivan Kremnev , Alexandr Kozlov , Vadim Shchemelinin

In diarization, the PLDA is typically used to model an inference structure which assumes the variation in speech segments be induced by various speakers. The speaker variation is then learned from the training data. However, human…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-09-01 Jiamin Xie , Suzanna Sia , Paola Garcia , Daniel Povey , Sanjeev Khudanpur

In this paper, we propose a speaker-verification system based on maximum likelihood linear regression (MLLR) super-vectors, for which speakers are characterized by m-vectors. These vectors are obtained by a uniform segmentation of the…

Sound · Computer Science 2016-05-13 A. K. Sarkar , C. Barras , V. B. Le , D. Matrouf