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While high resolution ALMA observations reveal a wealth of substructure in protoplanetary discs, they remain incapable of resolving the types of small scale dust structures predicted, for example, by numerical simulations of the streaming…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2024-06-18 Chiara E. Scardoni , Richard A. Booth , Cathie J. Clarke , Giovanni P. Rosotti , Alvaro Ribas

Dust grains with sizes around (sub)mm are expected to couple only weakly to the gas motion in regions beyond 10 au of circumstellar disks. In this work, we investigate the influence of the spatial distribution of such grains on the (sub)mm…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2016-05-04 J. P. Ruge , M. Flock , S. Wolf , N. Dzyurkevich , S. Fromang , Th. Henning , H. Klahr , H. Meheut

When imaged at high-resolution, many proto-planetary discs show gaps and rings in their dust sub-mm continuum emission profile. These structures are widely considered to originate from local maxima in the gas pressure profile. The…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2020-05-06 Giovanni P. Rosotti , Richard Teague , Cornelis Dullemond , Richard A. Booth , Cathie Clarke

We hypothesise that dust rings in protoplanetary discs formed by an embedded planet should have properties that reflect the planet's mass. We use 2D hydrodynamical simulations of planet-disc interactions to investigate this, focusing on…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2026-05-28 Amena Faruqi , Jessica Speedie , Ralph E. Pudritz , Farzana Meru

The observed dust rings and gaps in protoplanetary disks could be imprints of forming planets. Even low-mass planets in the one-to-ten Earth-mass regime, that do not yet carve deep gas gaps, can generate such dust rings and gaps by driving…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2024-12-04 Ayumu Kuwahara , Michiel Lambrechts , Hiroyuki Kurokawa , Satoshi Okuzumi , Takayuki Tanigawa

Gravitational instability (GI) controls the dynamics of young massive protoplanetary discs. Apart from facilitating gas accretion on to the central protostar, it must also impact on the process of planet formation: directly through…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2020-03-11 A. Riols , B. Roux , H. Latter , G. Lesur

MHD turbulence plays a crucial role in the dust dynamics of protoplanetary discs. It affects planet formation, vertical settling and is one possible origin of the large scale axisymmetric structures, such as rings, recently imaged by ALMA…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2018-10-03 A. Riols , G. Lesur

Recent studies have shown that the large-scale gas dynamics of protoplanetary disks (PPDs) are controlled by non-ideal magneto-hydrodynamics (MHD), but how this influences dust dynamics is not fully understood. To this end, we investigate…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2023-12-15 Yinhao Wu , Min-Kai Lin , Can Cui , Leonardo Krapp , Yueh-Ning Lee , Andrew N. Youdin

We investigate the impact of a highly eccentric 10 $M_{\rm \oplus}$ (where $M_{\rm \oplus}$ is the Earth mass) planet embedded in a dusty protoplanetary disk on the dust dynamics and its observational implications. By carrying out…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2020-01-08 Ya-Ping Li , Hui Li , Shengtai Li , Douglas N. C. Lin

High resolution ALMA observations of protoplanetary disks have revealed that many, if not all primordial disks consist of ring-like dust structures. The origin of these dust rings remains unclear, but a common explanation is the presence of…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2018-11-07 Nienke van der Marel , Jonathan Williams , Simon Bruderer

Vortices have long been speculated to play a role in planet formation, via the collection of dust in the pressure maxima that arise at the cores of vortices in protoplanetary discs. The question remains however: as dust collects in the core…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2022-09-08 Francesco Lovascio , Sijme-Jan Paardekooper , Colin McNally

A large fraction of the protoplanetary disks observed with ALMA display multiple well-defined and nearly perfectly circular rings in the continuum, in many cases with substantial peak-to-valley contrast. The DSHARP campaign shows that…

The total amount of dust (or "metallicity") and the dust distribution in protoplanetary disks are crucial for planet formation. Dust grains radially drift due to gas--dust friction, and the gas is affected by the feedback from dust grains.…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2017-08-09 Kazuhiro D. Kanagawa , Takahiro Ueda , Takayuki Muto , Satoshi Okuzumi

In our previous work (Paper I), we demonstrated that coagulation instability results in dust concentration against depletion due to the radial drift and accelerates dust growth locally. In this work (Paper II), we perform numerical…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2022-12-07 Ryosuke T. Tominaga , Hidekazu Tanaka , Hiroshi Kobayashi , Shu-ichiro Inutsuka

Protoplanets may be born into dust-rich environments if planetesimals formed through streaming or gravitational instabilities, or if the protoplanetary disc is undergoing mass loss due to disc winds or photoevaporation. Motivated by this…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2018-05-08 Jhih-Wei Chen , Min-Kai Lin

Over the last years, large (sub-)millimetre surveys of protoplanetary disks have well constrained the demographics of disks, such as their millimetre luminosities, spectral indices, and disk radii. Additionally, several high-resolution…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2022-12-14 Jochen Stadler , Matías Gárate , Paola Pinilla , Christian Lenz , Cornelis P. Dullemond , Til Birnstiel , Sebastian M. Stammler

High resolution sub-mm observations of protoplanetary disks with ALMA have revealed that dust rings are common in large, bright disks. The leading explanation for these structures is dust-trapping in a local gas pressure maximum, caused by…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2023-03-29 Eonho Chang , Andrew N. Youdin , Leonardo Krapp

The migration of planetary cores embedded in a protoplanetary disk is an important mechanism within planet-formation theory, relevant for the architecture of planetary systems. Consequently, planet migration is actively discussed, yet often…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2019-11-06 Philipp Weber , Sebastián Pérez , Pablo Benítez-Llambay , Oliver Gressel , Simon Casassus , Leonardo Krapp

Dust substructures observed in protoplanetary disks are commonly attributed to embedded planets; however, intrinsic gas-dust interactions can also generate complex morphologies. We performed two-dimensional, axisymmetric simulations of gas…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2026-04-28 Jiaqing Bi , Mario Flock , Dominik Ostertag , Neele Lüttkemöller , Sebastian Wolf

Over the past decade, advancement of observational capabilities, specifically the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) and SPHERE instrument, alongside theoretical innovations like pebble accretion, have reshaped our…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2024-09-30 Tilman Birnstiel