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We describe a procedure by which a long ($\gtrsim 1\,\mathrm{km}$) optical path through atmospheric turbulence can be experimentally simulated in a controlled fashion and scaled down to distances easily accessible in a laboratory setting.…

The potential of an array of imaging atmospheric Cherenkov telescopes to detect gamma-ray sources in complex regions has been investigated. The basic characteristics of the gamma-ray instrument have been parametrized using simple analytic…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2016-04-20 Lucia Ambrogi , Emma De Oña Wilhelmi , Felix Aharonian

The Imaging Atmospheric Cherenkov technique allows to detect very high energy gamma rays from few tens of GeV to hundreds of TeV using ground-based instrumentation. At these energies a gamma ray generates a shower of secondary particles…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2023-06-13 Juan Cortina , Carlos Delgado

The Imaging Atmospheric Cherenkov Telescope (IACT) works by imaging the very short flash of Cherenkov radiation generated by the cascade of relativistic charged particles produced when a TeV gamma ray strikes the atmosphere. This energetic…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2019-08-14 F. Krayzel , G. Maurin , L. Brunetti , J. -M. Dubois , A. Fiasson , L. Journet , G. Lamanna , T. Leflour , B. Lieunard , I. Monteiro , S. Rosier-Lees

We present a study of the emission of Cherenkov radiation in thick media, explore the limitations of the simulation tools currently in use in particle and nuclear physics, and propose a method for overcoming these limitations. We start with…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2025-09-23 Dmytro Minchenko , Juan Pablo Yañez , Aksel Hallin

The imminent availability of large arrays of large light collectors deployed to exploit atmospheric Cherenkov radiation for gamma-ray astronomy at more than 100GeV, motivates the growing interest in application of intensity interferometry…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2009-09-30 M. Daniel , W. J. de Wit , D. Dravins , D. Kieda , S. LeBohec , P. Nunez , E. Ribak

The last 20 years have seen the development of new techniques in Astroparticle Physics providing access to the highest end of the electromagnetic spectrum. It has been shown that some sources emit photons up to energies close to 100 TeV.…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2015-08-04 J. L. Contreras , J. Rosado , F. Arqueros , M. López , J. A. Barrio , M. Nievas

The recent advances in the flight capability of remotely piloted aerial vehicles (here after referred to as UAVs) have afforded the astronomical community the possibility of a new telescope calibration technique: UAV-based calibration.…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2022-04-01 A. M. Brown , J. Muller , M. de Naurois , P. Clark

The First G-APD Cherenkov Telescope (FACT) became operational at La Palma in October 2011. Since summer 2012, due to very smooth and stable operation, it is the first telescope of its kind that is routinely operated from remote, without the…

We present a method of atmospheric Cherenkov imaging which reconstructs the unique arrival direction of TeV gamma rays using a single telescope. The method is derived empirically and utilizes several features of gamma-ray induced air…

Astrophysics · Physics 2011-05-23 R. W. Lessard , J. H. Buckley , V. Connaughton , S. Le Bohec

The Cherenkov Telescope Array (CTA) \cite{CTA:2010} will be the successor to current Imaging Atmospheric Cherenkov Telescopes (IACT) like H.E.S.S., MAGIC and VERITAS. CTA will improve in sensitivity by about an order of magnitude compared…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2019-08-14 E. Birsin , J. Colomé , D. Hoffmann , H. Koeppel , G. Lamanna , T. Le Flour , A. Lopatin , E. Lyard , D. Melkumyan , I. Oya , J-L. Panazol , S. Schlenstedt , T. Schmidt , U. Schwanke , R. Walter , P. Wegner

You & Cheng (1980) argued that, for relativistic electrons moving through a dense gas, the Cerenkov effect will produce peculiar atomic and/or molecular emission lines--Cerenkov lines. They presented a series of formulae to describe the new…

Astrophysics · Physics 2007-05-23 J. H. You , Y. D. Xu , D. B. Liu , J. R. Shi , G. X. Jin

The Solar Tower Atmospheric Cherenkov Effect Experiment (STACEE) is a telescope designed to explore the gamma-ray sky between 20 and 250 GeV using the atmospheric Cherenkov technique. STACEE is currently under construction. When completed,…

Astrophysics · Physics 2007-05-23 Rene A. Ong , Corbin E. Covault

We present a high-performance event reconstruction algorithm: an Image Pixel-wise fit for Atmospheric Cherenkov Telescopes (ImPACT). The reconstruction algorithm is based around the likelihood fitting of camera pixel amplitudes to an…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2014-05-20 R. D. Parsons , J. A. Hinton

Large Array of imaging atmospheric Cherenkov Telescope (LACT) is an array of 32 Cherenkov telescopes with 6-meter diameter mirrors to be constructed at the LHAASO site. In this work, we present a study on the layout optimization and…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2024-09-24 Zhipeng Zhang , Ruizhi Yang , ShouShan Zhang , Zhen Xie , Jiali Liu , LiQiao Yin , YuDong Wang , Lingling Ma , Zhen Cao

Imaging atmospheric Cherenkov telescopes (IACTs) used for ground-based gamma-ray astronomy at TeV energies use reflectors with areas on the order of 100m$^2$ as their primary optic. These tessellated reflectors comprise hundreds of mirror…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2014-11-20 A. McCann , D. Hanna , J. Kildea , M. McCutcheon

In this paper we introduce the concept of real-time hardware-in-the-loop simulation for astronomical adaptive optics, and present the case for the requirement for such a facility. This real-time simulation, when linked with an adaptive…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-18 Alastair Basden

We describe a new software package for simulating channelised, high-time resolution data streams from radio telescopes. The software simulates data from the telescope and observing system taking into account the observation strategy,…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2022-05-09 Rui Luo , George Hobbs , Suk Yee Yong , Andrew Zic , Lawrence Toomey , Shi Dai , Alex Dunning , Di Li , Tommy Marshman , Chen Wang , Pei Wang , Shuangqiang Wang , Songbo Zhang

Between early 1997 and late 2002, the HEGRA collaboration operated a stereoscopic system of 4 (later 5) imaging atmospheric Cherenkov telescopes. In this paper we present the calibration schemes which were developed for the system, and…

Astrophysics · Physics 2010-05-19 G. Puehlhofer , O. Bolz , N. Goetting , the HEGRA Collaboration

In the 1970s, the Narrabri intensity interferometer was used to measure 32 stellar diameters; some as small as 0.4 milli-arc-seconds (mas). The interferometer consisted of a pair of 6.5m telescopes with relatively crude optics, similar to…

Astrophysics · Physics 2008-11-26 S. Le Bohec , J. Holder