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Functional MSO transductions, deterministic two-way transducers, as well as streaming string transducers are all equivalent models for regular functions. In this paper, we show that every regular function, either on finite words or on…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2018-02-07 Vrunda Dave , Paul Gastin , Krishna Shankara Narayanan

Regular functions of infinite words are (partial) functions realized by deterministic two-way transducers with infinite look-ahead. Equivalently, Alur et. al. have shown that they correspond to functions realized by deterministic Muller…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2023-02-15 Olivier Carton , Gaëtan Douéneau-Tabot , Emmanuel Filiot , Sarah Winter

Streaming Machine Translation (MT) is the task of translating an unbounded input text stream in real-time. The traditional cascade approach, which combines an Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR) and an MT system, relies on an intermediate…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-29 Javier Iranzo-Sánchez , Jorge Iranzo-Sánchez , Adrià Giménez , Jorge Civera , Alfons Juan

The growing need for instant spoken language transcription and translation is driven by increased global communication and cross-lingual interactions. This has made offering translations in multiple languages essential for user…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-24 Sara Papi , Peidong Wang , Junkun Chen , Jian Xue , Naoyuki Kanda , Jinyu Li , Yashesh Gaur

Deterministic two-way transducers define the class of regular functions from words to words. Alur and Cern\'y introduced an equivalent model of transducers with registers called copyless streaming string transducers. In this paper, we drop…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2020-05-05 Gaëtan Douéneau-Tabot , Emmanuel Filiot , Paul Gastin

Transformer-based models have achieved state-of-the-art performance on speech translation tasks. However, the model architecture is not efficient enough for streaming scenarios since self-attention is computed over an entire input sequence…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-11-03 Xutai Ma , Yongqiang Wang , Mohammad Javad Dousti , Philipp Koehn , Juan Pino

The black-box nature of end-to-end speech translation (E2E ST) systems makes it difficult to understand how source language inputs are being mapped to the target language. To solve this problem, we would like to simultaneously generate…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-11-14 Motoi Omachi , Brian Yan , Siddharth Dalmia , Yuya Fujita , Shinji Watanabe

Encoder-decoder based sequence-to-sequence models have demonstrated state-of-the-art results in end-to-end automatic speech recognition (ASR). Recently, the transformer architecture, which uses self-attention to model temporal context…

Sound · Computer Science 2020-07-02 Niko Moritz , Takaaki Hori , Jonathan Le Roux

We introduce STAR (Stream Transduction with Anchor Representations), a novel Transformer-based model designed for efficient sequence-to-sequence transduction over streams. STAR dynamically segments input streams to create compressed anchor…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-22 Weiting Tan , Yunmo Chen , Tongfei Chen , Guanghui Qin , Haoran Xu , Heidi C. Zhang , Benjamin Van Durme , Philipp Koehn

Transductions are binary relations of finite words. For rational transductions, i.e., transductions defined by finite transducers, the inclusion, equivalence and sequential uniformisation problems are known to be undecidable. In this paper,…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2016-03-01 Emmanuel Filiot , Ismaël Jecker , Christof Löding , Sarah Winter

In multi-talker scenarios such as meetings and conversations, speech processing systems are usually required to transcribe the audio as well as identify the speakers for downstream applications. Since overlapped speech is common in this…

Sound · Computer Science 2021-04-07 Liang Lu , Naoyuki Kanda , Jinyu Li , Yifan Gong

In this work, we study minimization of rational functions given as appending streaming string transducers (aSST for short). We rely on an algebraic presentation of these functions, known as bimachines, to address the minimization of both…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Yahia Idriss Benalioua , Nathan Lhote , Pierre-Alain Reynier

Transformer-based architectures are the most used architectures in many deep learning fields like Natural Language Processing, Computer Vision or Speech processing. It may encourage the direct use of Transformers in the constrained tasks,…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-01-29 Youness Dkhissi , Valentin Vielzeuf , Elys Allesiardo , Anthony Larcher

Streaming recognition and segmentation of multi-party conversations with overlapping speech is crucial for the next generation of voice assistant applications. In this work we address its challenges discovered in the previous work on…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-05-12 Ilya Sklyar , Anna Piunova , Christian Osendorfer

Neural transducers (NT) provide an effective framework for speech streaming, demonstrating strong performance in automatic speech recognition (ASR). However, the application of NT to speech translation (ST) remains challenging, as existing…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-04 Amir Hussein , Cihan Xiao , Matthew Wiesner , Dan Povey , Leibny Paola Garcia , Sanjeev Khudanpur

We provide general criteria for the existence of minimal models of streaming transducers, namely devices that read an input word and produce an output value by iteratively updating an internal memory. This abstract model subsumes classical…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2026-05-14 Christian Bianchini , Gabriele Puppis

In this paper we present a Transformer-Transducer model architecture and a training technique to unify streaming and non-streaming speech recognition models into one model. The model is composed of a stack of transformer layers for audio…

Sound · Computer Science 2020-10-08 Anshuman Tripathi , Jaeyoung Kim , Qian Zhang , Han Lu , Hasim Sak

Any two-way finite state automaton is equivalent to some one-way finite state automaton. This well-known result, shown by Rabin and Scott and independently by Shepherdson, states that two-way finite state automata (even non-deterministic)…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2013-04-29 Emmanuel Filiot , Olivier Gauwin , Pierre-Alain Reynier , Frédéric Servais

Recently, Transformer based end-to-end models have achieved great success in many areas including speech recognition. However, compared to LSTM models, the heavy computational cost of the Transformer during inference is a key issue to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-03-02 Xie Chen , Yu Wu , Zhenghao Wang , Shujie Liu , Jinyu Li

We introduce streaming data string transducers that map input data strings to output data strings in a single left-to-right pass in linear time. Data strings are (unbounded) sequences of data values, tagged with symbols from a finite set,…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2011-02-15 Rajeev Alur , Pavol Cerny