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Many public controversies involve the assessment of statements about which we have imperfect information. Without a structured approach, it is quite difficult to develop an approach to reasoning which is not based on ad hoc choices. Forms…
Semi-autonomous (SA) systems face the challenge of determining which source to prioritize for control, whether it's from the human operator or the autonomous controller, especially when they conflict with each other. While one may design an…
All software development processes include steps where several alternatives induce a choice, a decision-making. Sometimes, methodologies offer a way to make decisions. However, in a lot of cases, the arguments to carry out the decision are…
This article introduces a framework that is meant to assist in mitigating societal risks that software can pose. Concretely, this encompasses facets of software doping as well as unfairness and discrimination in high-risk decision-making…
In software testing, a set of test cases is constructed according to some predefined selection criteria. The software is then examined against these test cases. Three interesting observations have been made on the current artifacts of…
Although the Boeing 737 Max incidents resulted from a mix of design shortcomings, regulatory oversights, and systemic issues, they also highlight a critical gap in pilot training on managing automated systems during abnormal conditions.…
We draw on our experience working on system and software assurance and evaluation for systems important to society to summarise how safety engineering is performed in traditional critical systems, such as aircraft flight control. We analyse…
Multi-armed bandit (MAB) algorithms have achieved significant success in sequential decision-making applications, under the premise that humans perfectly implement the recommended policy. However, existing methods often overlook the crucial…
Formal methods have provided approaches for investigating software engineering fundamentals and also have high potential to improve current practices in dependability assurance. In this article, we summarise known strengths and weaknesses…
The failure of hardware or software in a critical system can lead to loss of lives. The design errors can be main source of the failures that can be introduced during system development process. Formal techniques are an alternative approach…
Software quality is one of the essential aspects of a software. With increasing demand, software designs are becoming more complex, increasing the probability of software defects. Testers improve the quality of software by fixing defects.…
Automated decision systems (ADS) are increasingly used for consequential decision-making. These systems often rely on sophisticated yet opaque machine learning models, which do not allow for understanding how a given decision was arrived…
With the current ongoing debate about fairness, explainability and transparency of machine learning models, their application in high-impact clinical decision-making systems must be scrutinized. We consider a real-life example of risk…
While significant progress has been made in designing algorithms that minimize regret in online decision-making, real-world scenarios often introduce additional complexities, perhaps the most challenging of which is missing outcomes.…
Background: Testing and validation of the semantic correctness of patches provided by tools for Automated Program Repairs (APR) has received a lot of attention. Yet, the eventual acceptance or rejection of suggested patches for real world…
To protect multicores from soft-error perturbations, resiliency schemes have been developed with high coverage but high power and performance overheads. Emerging safety-critical machine learning applications are increasingly being deployed…
Safety-critical software systems are those whose failure or malfunction could result in casualty and/or serious financial loss. In such systems, safety assurance cases (SACs) are an emerging approach that adopts a proactive strategy to…
At our behest or otherwise, while our software is being executed, a huge variety of design assumptions is continuously matched with the truth of the current condition. While standards and tools exist to express and verify some of these…
As robotic systems such as autonomous cars and delivery drones assume greater roles and responsibilities within society, the likelihood and impact of catastrophic software failure within those systems is increased.To aid researchers in the…
Context: Software engineering has a problem in that when we empirically evaluate competing prediction systems we obtain conflicting results. Objective: To reduce the inconsistency amongst validation study results and provide a more formal…