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Restricted Boltzmann Machines (RBMs) are generative models which can learn useful representations from samples of a dataset in an unsupervised fashion. They have been widely employed as an unsupervised pre-training method in machine…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2013-09-13 Chris Häusler , Alex Susemihl , Martin P Nawrot , Manfred Opper

The restricted Boltzmann machine (RBM) is a neural network based on the Ising model, well known for its ability to learn probability distributions and stochastically generate new content. However, the high computational cost of Gibbs…

Optics · Physics 2026-03-13 Li Luo , Yisheng Fang , Wanyi Zhang , Zhichao Ruan

Graphical models are powerful tools for modeling high-dimensional data, but learning graphical models in the presence of latent variables is well-known to be difficult. In this work we give new results for learning Restricted Boltzmann…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-07-28 Surbhi Goel , Adam Klivans , Frederic Koehler

Finding disentangled representation plays a predominant role in the success of modern deep learning applications, but the results lack a straightforward explanation. Here we apply the information bottleneck method and its $\beta$-VAE…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2022-07-01 Dongchen Huang , Danqing Hu , Yi-feng Yang

We investigate the thermodynamic properties of a Restricted Boltzmann Machine (RBM), a simple energy-based generative model used in the context of unsupervised learning. Assuming the information content of this model to be mainly reflected…

Disordered Systems and Neural Networks · Physics 2018-08-20 Aurélien Decelle , Giancarlo Fissore , Cyril Furtlehner

Variational autoencoders (VAEs) are powerful generative models with the salient ability to perform inference. Here, we introduce a quantum variational autoencoder (QVAE): a VAE whose latent generative process is implemented as a quantum…

It is well established that neural networks with deep architectures perform better than shallow networks for many tasks in machine learning. In statistical physics, while there has been recent interest in representing physical data with…

Disordered Systems and Neural Networks · Physics 2019-03-06 Alan Morningstar , Roger G. Melko

We show that Restricted Boltzmann Machines (RBMs) provide a flexible generative framework for modeling spin configurations in disordered yet strongly correlated phases of frustrated magnets. As a benchmark, we first demonstrate that an RBM…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2026-02-19 Ho Jang , Jackson C. Glass , Gia-Wei Chern

We successfully model the behavior of two-spin systems using neural networks known as conditional Restricted Boltzmann Machines (cRBMs) which encode physical information in the properties of a thermal ensemble akin to an Ising model. The…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-05-31 Steven Weinstein

A Boltzmann machine is a stochastic neural network that has been extensively used in the layers of deep architectures for modern machine learning applications. In this paper, we develop a Boltzmann machine that is capable of modelling…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2016-10-18 Giacomo Torlai , Roger G. Melko

A hybrid quantum-classical method for learning Boltzmann machines (BM) for a generative and discriminative task is presented. Boltzmann machines are undirected graphs with a network of visible and hidden nodes where the former is used as…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-07-21 Siddhartha Srivastava , Veera Sundararaghavan

We show that the mutual information between the representation of a learning machine and the hidden features that it extracts from data is bounded from below by the relevance, which is the entropy of the model's energy distribution. Models…

Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability · Physics 2021-01-28 O Duranthon , M Marsili , R Xie

Boltzmann machines (BMs) are powerful energy-based generative models, but their heavy training cost has largely confined practical use to Restricted BMs (RBMs) trained with an efficient learning method called contrastive divergence. More…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-03 Kentaro Kubo , Hayato Goto

Evidence accumulation models (EAMs) are the dominant framework for modeling response time (RT) data from speeded decision-making tasks. While providing a good quantitative description of RT data in terms of abstract perceptual…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2024-12-10 Paul I. Jaffe , Gustavo X. Santiago-Reyes , Robert J. Schafer , Patrick G. Bissett , Russell A. Poldrack

Restricted Boltzmann Machines (RBMs) and models derived from them have been successfully used as basic building blocks in deep artificial neural networks for automatic features extraction, unsupervised weights initialization, but also as…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2016-07-20 Decebal Constantin Mocanu , Elena Mocanu , Phuong H. Nguyen , Madeleine Gibescu , Antonio Liotta

This paper presents a systematic study of the application of convolutional neural networks (CNNs) as an efficient and versatile tool for the analysis of critical and low-temperature phase states in spin system models. The problem of…

Computational Physics · Physics 2025-12-09 Dmitrii Kapitan , Pavel Ovchinnikov , Konstantin Soldatov , Petr Andriushchenko , Vitalii Kapitan

While unsupervised variational autoencoders (VAE) have become a powerful tool in neuroimage analysis, their application to supervised learning is under-explored. We aim to close this gap by proposing a unified probabilistic model for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-07-15 Qingyu Zhao , Ehsan Adeli , Nicolas Honnorat , Tuo Leng , Kilian M. Pohl

Deep learning techniques have been paramount in the last years, mainly due to their outstanding results in a number of applications, that range from speech recognition to face-based user identification. Despite other techniques employed for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2016-09-06 Leandro Aparecido Passos Junior , Joao Paulo Papa

Recently, quantum-state representation using artificial neural networks has started to be recognized as a powerful tool. However, due to the black-box nature of machine learning, it is difficult to analyze what machine learns or why it is…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-05-24 Yusuke Nomura

Classification of sequence data is the topic of interest for dynamic Bayesian models and Recurrent Neural Networks (RNNs). While the former can explicitly model the temporal dependencies between class variables, the latter have a capability…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-03-12 Son N. Tran , Srikanth Cherla , Artur Garcez , Tillman Weyde