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We review and extend existing frameworks on modeling to develop a new framework that describes model-based reasoning in upper-division physics labs. Constructing and using models are core scientific practices that have gained significant…
This paper is intended to offer a pedagogical treatment of cosmological modeling and inflationary cosmology. In recent years, inflation has become accepted as a standard scenario making predictions that are testable by observations of the…
In this document we introduce a system model as the basis for a semantic model for UML 2.0. The system model is supposed to form the core and foundation of the UML semantics definition. For that purpose the basic system is targeted towards…
The paper introduces a generalization for known probabilistic models such as log-linear and graphical models, called here multiplicative models. These models, that express probabilities via product of parameters are shown to capture…
A new model for inflation using modified gravity in the Palatini formalism is constructed. Here non-minimal coupling of scalar field h with the curvature R as a general function f(R,h) is considered. Explicit inflation models for some…
Level, slope, and curvature are three commonly-believed principal components in interest rate term structure and are thus widely used in modeling. This paper characterizes the heterogeneity of how misspecified such models are through time.…
The aim of this chapter is to explain in clear and pedagogical terms how some particle-physics models and/or mechanisms can naturally lead to inflation and how this can provide testable predictions that can help us find new physics effects.…
This paper addresses the problem of learning the impulse responses characterizing forward models by means of a regularized kernel-based Prediction Error Method (PEM). The common approach to accomplish that is to approximate the system with…
The objective of this paper is to explore how financial big data and machine learning methods can be applied to model and understand financial products. We focus on residential mortgage backed securities, resMBS, which were at the heart of…
In this paper, we investigate various inflation models in the context of the no-boundary proposal. We propose that a good inflation model should satisfy three conditions: observational constraints, plausible initial conditions, and…
Trading a financial asset pushes its price as well as the prices of other assets, a phenomenon known as cross-impact. We consider a general class of kernel-based cross-impact models and investigate suitable parameterisations for trading…
In this brief review we will discuss how a well motivated particle theory beyond the eletroweak Standard Model provides ingredients and conditions for a successful inflation. We will mainly focus on a low energy supersymmetric Standard…
This work presents the current collection of mathematical models related to neural networks and proposes a new family of such with extended structure and dynamics in order to attain a selection of cognitive capabilities. It starts by…
Inflationary models with a non-zero background curvature require additional hypothesis or parameters compared to flat inflation and the procedure to construct them cannot be as simple as in the flat case. For this reason, there is no…
Slow-roll inflation generically makes several predictions: a flat Universe, primordial adiabatic density perturbations, and a stochastic gravity-wave background. Each inflation model will further predict specific relations between the…
Generic features of models of inflation obtained from string compactifications are the correlations between the model parameters and the postinflationary evolution of the universe. Thus, the postinflationary evolution depends on the…
When quantitative models are used to support decision-making on complex and important topics, understanding a model's ``reasoning'' can increase trust in its predictions, expose hidden biases, or reduce vulnerability to adversarial attacks.…
Qualitative relationships illustrate how changing one property (e.g., moving velocity) affects another (e.g., kinetic energy) and constitutes a considerable portion of textual knowledge. Current approaches use either semantic parsers to…
This paper presents a model with the aim to follow, as closely as possible, the rationale of the macroeconomic model advanced by J.M. Keynes in his famous "The General Theory of Employment, Interest and Money", in order to provide a viable…
This is the final version of the 2007 preprint titled "On the derived category of 1-motives, I". It has been substantially expanded to contain a motivic proof of (two thirds of) Deligne's conjecture on 1-motives with rational coefficients,…