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Supermassive black holes (SMBHs) are nowadays believed to reside in most local galaxies, and the available data show an empirical correlation between bulge luminosity - or stellar velocity dispersion - and black hole mass, suggesting a…

Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-24 Marta Volonteri

X-ray feedback in the pre-reionization Universe provided one of the major energy sources for reionization and the thermal evolution of the early intergalactic medium. However, X-ray sources at high redshift have remained largely…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2022-08-17 Junehyoung Jeon , Volker Bromm , Steven L. Finkelstein

We review the observed demographics and inferred evolution of supermassive black holes (BHs) found by dynamical modeling of spatially resolved kinematics. Most influential was the discovery of a tight correlation between BH mass and the…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-15 John Kormendy , Luis C. Ho

The vast amount of energy released by active galactic nuclei (AGN) is increasingly recognized as a key driver of evolution not only in massive galaxies and clusters, but also in low-mass dwarf galaxies. Despite this, their role in the early…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2025-07-04 Mahsa Sanati , Julien Devriendt , SergioMartin-Alvarez , Adrianne Slyz , Jonathan C. Tan

We present a theoretical framework for seeding and growing supermassive black holes (SMBHs) in dark matter halos along their assembly histories. Seeds are bred out of Pop-III stars formed during the first collapse of pristine gas in…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2026-04-28 Yangyao Chen , Houjun Mo , Huiyuan Wang

We derive X-ray mass, luminosity, and temperature profiles for 45 galaxy clusters to explore relationships between halo mass, AGN feedback, and central cooling time. We find that radio--mechanical feedback power (referred to here as "AGN…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2017-12-14 Robert Main , Brian McNamara , Paul Nulsen , Helen Russell , Adrian Vantyghem

Galaxies and supermassive black holes (SMBHs) are believed to evolve through a process of hierarchical merging and accretion. Through this paradigm, multiple SMBH systems are expected to be relatively common in the Universe. However, to…

For galaxies hosting supermassive black holes (SMBHs), it has been observed that the mass of the central black hole (M_BH) tightly correlates with the effective or central velocity dispersion (sigma) of the host galaxy. The origin of this…

The past decade has seen significant progress in understanding galaxy formation and evolution using large-scale cosmological simulations. While these simulations produce galaxies in overall good agreement with observations, they employ…

The James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) has revealed low-luminosity active galactic nuclei (AGNs) at redshifts of $z\gtrsim 4-7$, many of which host accreting massive black holes (BHs) with BH-to-galaxy mass ($M_{\rm BH}/M_{\star}$) ratios…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2025-03-07 Haojie Hu , Kohei Inayoshi , Zoltan Haiman , Luis C. Ho , Ken Ohsuga

I will describe the constraints available from a study of AGN evolution synthesis models on the growth of the supermassive black holes (SMBH) population in the two main 'modes' observed (kinetic- and radiatively-dominated, respectively). I…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2009-12-11 Andrea Merloni

The (supermassive black hole mass, $M_\text{BH}$)-(bulge stellar mass, $M_{\rm*,sph}$) relation is, obviously, derived using two quantities. We endeavor to provide accurate values for the latter via detailed multicomponent galaxy…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2019-03-12 Benjamin L. Davis , Alister W. Graham , Ewan Cameron

It is well established that supermassive black hole (SMBH) feedback is crucial for regulating the evolution of massive, if not all, galaxies. However, modelling the interplay between SMBHs and their host galaxies is challenging due to the…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2024-07-04 Sophie Koudmani , Rachel S. Somerville , Debora Sijacki , Martin A. Bourne , Yan-Fei Jiang , Kasar Profit

Recent observations provide evidence that some cool-core clusters (CCCs) host quasars in their brightest cluster galaxies (BCGs). Motivated by these findings we use 3D radiation-hydrodynamic simulations with the code Enzo to explore the…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2020-04-29 Yu Qiu , Tamara Bogdanovic , Yuan Li , KwangHo Park , John H. Wise

Observations of the most luminous quasars at high redshifts ($z > 6$) have revealed that the largest supermassive black holes (SMBHs) at those epochs tend to be substantially overmassive relative to their host galaxies compared to the local…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2022-09-01 Haojie Hu , Kohei Inayoshi , Zoltán Haiman , Wenxiu Li , Eliot Quataert , Rolf Kuiper

The growth of supermassive black holes (SMBH) through accretion is accompanied by the release of enormous amounts of energy which can either be radiated away, as happens in quasars, advected into the black hole, or disposed of in kinetic…

Astrophysics · Physics 2008-08-04 Andrea Merloni

Supermassive black hole accretion and feedback play central role in the evolution of galaxies, groups, and clusters. I review how AGN feedback is tightly coupled with the formation of multiphase gas and the newly probed chaotic cold…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2016-08-24 M. Gaspari

We study the gas accretion onto a supermassive black hole (SMBH) using the 3D SPH code GADGET-3 on scales of 0.1-200 pc. First we test our code with spherically symmetric, adiabatic Bondi accretion problem. We find that our simulation can…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2012-01-12 Kentaro Nagamine , Paramita Barai , Daniel Proga

Stellar-mass BHs (sBHs) are predicted to be embedded in active galactic nuclei (AGN) disks due to gravitational drag and in-situ star formation. However, we find that due to a high gas density in an AGN disk environment, compact objects may…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2022-03-14 Hiromichi Tagawa , Shigeo S. Kimura , Zoltán Haiman , Rosalba Perna , Hidekazu Tanaka , Imre Bartos

The hierarchical structure formation paradigm predicts the formation of pairs of supermassive black holes in merging galaxies. When both (or one) members of the SMBH pair are unobscured AGNs, the system can be identified as a dual (or…

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