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A quantum error correcting code protects encoded logical information against errors. Transversal gates are a naturally fault-tolerant way to manipulate logical qubits but cannot be universal themselves. Protocols such as magic state…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-02-03 Eric Huang , Pierre-Gabriel Rozon , Arpit Dua , Sarang Gopalakrishnan , Michael J. Gullans

The AND gate is not reversible$\unicode{x2014}$on qubits. However, it is reversible on qutrits, making it a building block for efficient simulation of qubit computation using qutrits. We first observe that there are multiple two-qutrit…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-19 Christine Li , Lia Yeh

Given a quantum error correcting code, an important task is to find encoded operations that can be implemented efficiently and fault-tolerantly. In this Letter we focus on topological stabilizer codes and encoded unitary gates that can be…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-10-04 Sergey Bravyi , Robert Koenig

Color codes are topological stabilizer codes with unusual transversality properties. Here I show that their group of transversal gates is optimal and only depends on the spatial dimension, not the local geometry. I also introduce a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-08-07 H. Bombin

With the advent of physical qubits exhibiting strong noise bias, it becomes increasingly relevant to identify which quantum gates can be efficiently implemented on error-correcting codes designed to address a single dominant error type.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-07-09 Victor Barizien , Hugo Jacinto , Nicolas Sangouard

Fault-tolerant quantum computation allows quantum computations to be carried out while resisting unwanted noise. Several error-correcting codes have been developed to achieve this task, but none alone are capable of universal quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-29 Nicholas J. C. Papadopoulos , Ramin Ayanzadeh

We present an entirely 2D transversal realization of phase gates at any level of the Clifford hierarchy, and beyond, using non-Abelian surface codes. Our construction encodes a logical qubit in the quantum double $D(G)$ of a non-Abelian…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-01-19 Alison Warman , Sakura Schafer-Nameki

Quantum error-correcting codes with high encoding rate are good candidates for large-scale quantum computers as they use physical qubits more efficiently than codes of the same distance that encode only a few logical qubits. Some logical…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-03-26 Theerapat Tansuwannont , Yugo Takada , Keisuke Fujii

A divisible binary classical code is one in which every code word has weight divisible by a fixed integer. If the divisor is $2^\nu$ for a positive integer $\nu$, then one can construct a Calderbank-Shor-Steane (CSS) code, where…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-04-18 Jeongwan Haah

Constructing quantum codes with good parameters and useful transversal gates is a central problem in quantum error correction. In this paper, we continue our work in arXiv:2502.01864 and construct the first family of asymptotically good…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-07-09 Zhiyang He , Vinod Vaikuntanathan , Adam Wills , Rachel Yun Zhang

We introduce a general framework for weak transversal gates -- probabilistic implementation of logical unitaries realized by local physical unitaries -- and propose a novel partially fault-tolerant quantum computing architecture that…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-10-10 Nobuyuki Yoshioka , Alireza Seif , Andrew Cross , Ali Javadi-Abhari

The $[[7,1,3]]$ Steane code and $[[23,1,7]]$ quantum Golay code have been identified as good candidates for fault-tolerant quantum computing via code concatenation. These two codes have transversal implementations of all Clifford gates, but…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-04-22 Matthew Sullivan

We exhibit nontrivial transversal logical multi-controlled-$Z$ gates on $[\![N,\Theta(N),\tilde\Theta(N)]\!]$ quantum low-density parity-check codes and $[\![N,\Theta(N),\tilde\Theta(N)]\!]$ quantum locally testable codes with soundness…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-03 Yiming Li , Zimu Li , Zi-Wen Liu

We describe a method to use measurements and correction operations in order to implement the Clifford group in a stabilizer code, generalising a result from [Bombin,2011] for topological subsystem colour codes. In subsystem stabilizer codes…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-02-10 Darren Banfield , Heather Leitch , Alastair Kay

Stabilizer codes are a simple and successful class of quantum error-correcting codes. Yet this success comes in spite of some harsh limitations on the ability of these codes to fault-tolerantly compute. Here we introduce a new metric for…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-05-30 Tomas Jochym-O'Connor , Aleksander Kubica , Theodore J. Yoder

CSS-T codes are a class of stabilizer codes introduced by Rengaswamy \emph{et al} with desired properties for quantum fault-tolerance. In this work, we comprehensively study non-degenerate CSS-T codes built from Reed-Muller codes. These…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2025-07-25 Emma Andrade , Jessalyn Bolkema , Thomas Dexter , Harrison Eggers , Victoria Luongo , Felice Manganiello , Luke Szramowski

We study the use of triorthogonal codes for universal fault-tolerant quantum computation and propose two methods to circumvent the Eastin-Knill theorem, which prohibits any single quantum error-correcting code from supporting both…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-11-06 Dawei Jiao , Mahdi Bayanifar , Alexei Ashikhmin , Olav Tirkkonen

The development of quantum codes with good error correction parameters and useful sets of transversal gates is a problem of major interest in quantum error-correction. Abundant prior works have studied transversal gates which are restricted…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-07-10 Zhiyang He , Vinod Vaikuntanathan , Adam Wills , Rachel Yun Zhang

We consider the CSS algorithm relating self-orthogonal classical linear codes to q-ary quantum stabilizer codes and we show that to such a pair of a classical and a quantum code one can associate geometric spaces constructed using methods…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2011-07-29 Matilde Marcolli , Christopher Perez

Transversal gates play a crucial role in suppressing error propagation in fault-tolerant quantum computation, yet they are intrinsically constrained: any nontrivial code encoding a single logical qubit admits only a finite subgroup of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-04-30 Chao Zhang , Zipeng Wu , Shilin Huang , Bei Zeng