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Deep learning algorithms have recently shown to be a successful tool in estimating parameters of statistical models for which simulation is easy, but likelihood computation is challenging. But the success of these approaches depends on…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-02-20 Amanda Lenzi , Haavard Rue

Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown exceptional performance in text processing. Notably, LLMs can synthesize information from large datasets and explain their decisions similarly to human reasoning through a chain of thought (CoT). An…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-10 Michał Romaszewski , Przemysław Sekuła , Przemysław Głomb , Michał Cholewa , Katarzyna Kołodziej

While deep reinforcement learning has achieved promising results in challenging decision-making tasks, the main bones of its success --- deep neural networks are mostly black-boxes. A feasible way to gain insight into a black-box model is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-08-17 Zhao-Hua Li , Yang Yu , Yingfeng Chen , Ke Chen , Zhipeng Hu , Changjie Fan

In recent years, many neural network models have been proposed for pattern classification, function approximation and regression problems. This paper presents an approach for classifying patterns from simplified NNs. Although the predictive…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2010-09-28 S. M. Kamruzzaman , Ahmed Ryadh Hasan

Despite their great success in recent years, deep neural networks (DNN) are mainly black boxes where the results obtained by running through the network are difficult to understand and interpret. Compared to e.g. decision trees or bayesian…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-07-02 Jan Niclas Reimann , Andreas Schwung

Random forest (RF) methodology is one of the most popular machine learning techniques for prediction problems. In this article, we discuss some cases where random forests may suffer and propose a novel generalized RF method, namely…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2019-04-24 Haozhe Zhang , Dan Nettleton , Zhengyuan Zhu

Deep policy networks enable robots to learn behaviors to solve various real-world complex tasks in an end-to-end fashion. However, they lack transparency to provide the reasons of actions. Thus, such a black-box model often results in low…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-10-31 Seongun Kim , Jaesik Choi

Note: This paper describes an older version of DeepLIFT. See https://arxiv.org/abs/1704.02685 for the newer version. Original abstract follows: The purported "black box" nature of neural networks is a barrier to adoption in applications…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2017-04-12 Avanti Shrikumar , Peyton Greenside , Anna Shcherbina , Anshul Kundaje

Random forest (RF) missing data algorithms are an attractive approach for dealing with missing data. They have the desirable properties of being able to handle mixed types of missing data, they are adaptive to interactions and nonlinearity,…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2017-01-23 Fei Tang , Hemant Ishwaran

The combination of deep neural nets and theory-driven models, which we call deep grey-box modeling, can be inherently interpretable to some extent thanks to the theory backbone. Deep grey-box models are usually learned with a regularized…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-25 Naoya Takeishi , Alexandros Kalousis

Local explanation frameworks aim to rationalize particular decisions made by a black-box prediction model. Existing techniques are often restricted to a specific type of predictor or based on input saliency, which may be undesirably…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-02-12 Brandon Carter , Jonas Mueller , Siddhartha Jain , David Gifford

Decision trees and random forest remain highly competitive for classification on medium-sized, standard datasets due to their robustness, minimal preprocessing requirements, and interpretability. However, a single tree suffers from high…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-12-02 Cencheng Shen , Yuexiao Dong , Carey E. Priebe

We present Neural Random Forest Imitation - a novel approach for transforming random forests into neural networks. Existing methods propose a direct mapping and produce very inefficient architectures. In this work, we introduce an imitation…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-04-05 Christoph Reinders , Bodo Rosenhahn

The purported "black box" nature of neural networks is a barrier to adoption in applications where interpretability is essential. Here we present DeepLIFT (Deep Learning Important FeaTures), a method for decomposing the output prediction of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-10-15 Avanti Shrikumar , Peyton Greenside , Anshul Kundaje

Most deep neural networks are considered to be black boxes, meaning their output is hard to interpret. In contrast, logical expressions are considered to be more comprehensible since they use symbols that are semantically close to natural…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-12-16 Sophie Burkhardt , Jannis Brugger , Nicolas Wagner , Zahra Ahmadi , Kristian Kersting , Stefan Kramer

In recent years, neural networks have demonstrated their remarkable ability to discern intricate patterns and relationships from raw data. However, understanding the inner workings of these black box models remains challenging, yet crucial…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-04-18 Niklas Koenen , Marvin N. Wright

In domains where transparency and trustworthiness are crucial, such as healthcare, rule-based systems are widely used and often preferred over black-box models for decision support systems due to their inherent interpretability. However, as…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-18 Christel Sirocchi , Damiano Verda

Deep learning techniques are rapidly advanced recently, and becoming a necessity component for widespread systems. However, the inference process of deep learning is black-box, and not very suitable to safety-critical systems which must…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-03-14 Hiroshi Kuwajima , Masayuki Tanaka , Masatoshi Okutomi

Rule-based models offer a human-understandable representation, i.e. they are interpretable. For this reason, they are used to explain the decisions of non-interpretable complex models, referred to as black box models. The generation of such…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-03-03 Michał Kozielski , Marek Sikora , Łukasz Wawrowski

With dramatic improvements in optimization software, the solution of large-scale problems that seemed intractable decades ago are now a routine task. This puts even more real-world applications into the reach of optimizers. At the same…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2023-03-07 Marc Goerigk , Michael Hartisch