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Reinforcement learning (RL) has achieved significant success across a wide range of domains, however, most existing methods are formulated in discrete time. In this work, we introduce a novel RL method for continuous-time control, where…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-21 Chengxiu Hua , Jiawen Gu , Yushun Tang

Model Predictive Control has emerged as a popular tool for robots to generate complex motions. However, the real-time requirement has limited the use of hard constraints and large preview horizons, which are necessary to ensure safety and…

Recent work has shown that reinforcement learning agents can develop policies that exploit spurious correlations between rewards and observations. This phenomenon, known as policy confounding, arises because the agent's policy influences…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-16 Miguel Suau

Inverse reinforcement learning (IRL) aims to explain observed strategic behavior by fitting reinforcement learning models to behavioral data. However, traditional IRL methods are only applicable when the observations are in the form of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-06-26 Antti Kangasrääsiö , Samuel Kaski

Off-policy evaluation learns a target policy's value with a historical dataset generated by a different behavior policy. In addition to a point estimate, many applications would benefit significantly from having a confidence interval (CI)…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2021-06-09 Chengchun Shi , Runzhe Wan , Victor Chernozhukov , Rui Song

We study finite-horizon offline reinforcement learning (RL) with function approximation for both policy evaluation and policy optimization. Prior work established that statistically efficient learning is impossible for either of these…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-07 Volodymyr Tkachuk , Csaba Szepesvári , Xiaoqi Tan

A key aspect of Safe Reinforcement Learning (Safe RL) involves estimating the constraint condition for the next policy, which is crucial for guiding the optimization of safe policy updates. However, the existing Advantage-based Estimation…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-17 Juntao Dai , Yaodong Yang , Qian Zheng , Gang Pan

Given a set of trajectories demonstrating the execution of a task safely in a constrained MDP with observable rewards but with unknown constraints and non-observable costs, we aim to find a policy that maximizes the likelihood of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-02 George Papadopoulos , George A. Vouros

Offline reinforcement learning requires reconciling two conflicting aims: learning a policy that improves over the behavior policy that collected the dataset, while at the same time minimizing the deviation from the behavior policy so as to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-10-13 Ilya Kostrikov , Ashvin Nair , Sergey Levine

Policy gradient methods are appealing in deep reinforcement learning but suffer from high variance of gradient estimate. To reduce the variance, the state value function is applied commonly. However, the effect of the state value function…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-08-06 Jiaming Guo , Rui Zhang , Xishan Zhang , Shaohui Peng , Qi Yi , Zidong Du , Xing Hu , Qi Guo , Yunji Chen

Solving goal-oriented tasks is an important but challenging problem in reinforcement learning (RL). For such tasks, the rewards are often sparse, making it difficult to learn a policy effectively. To tackle this difficulty, we propose a new…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-11-04 Hao Sun , Zhizhong Li , Xiaotong Liu , Dahua Lin , Bolei Zhou

This paper employs a policy iteration reinforcement learning (RL) method to study continuous-time linear-quadratic mean-field control problems in infinite horizon. The drift and diffusion terms in the dynamics involve the states, the…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-11-05 Na Li , Xun Li , Zuo Quan Xu

For many tasks, the reward function is inaccessible to introspection or too complex to be specified procedurally, and must instead be learned from user data. Prior work has evaluated learned reward functions by evaluating policies optimized…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-03-19 Adam Gleave , Michael Dennis , Shane Legg , Stuart Russell , Jan Leike

Classical value iteration approaches are not applicable to environments with continuous states and actions. For such environments, the states and actions are usually discretized, which leads to an exponential increase in computational…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-05-12 Michael Lutter , Shie Mannor , Jan Peters , Dieter Fox , Animesh Garg

Although the Music Sight Reading process has been studied from the cognitive psychology view points, but the computational learning methods like the Reinforcement Learning have not yet been used to modeling of such processes. In this paper,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2013-07-16 Keyvan Yahya , Pouyan Rafiei Fard

This paper studies the statistical theory of batch data reinforcement learning with function approximation. Consider the off-policy evaluation problem, which is to estimate the cumulative value of a new target policy from logged history…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-02-25 Yaqi Duan , Mengdi Wang

Reinforcement learning suffers from limitations in real practices primarily due to the number of required interactions with virtual environments. It results in a challenging problem because we are implausible to obtain a local optimal…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-28 Qizhen Wu , Kexin Liu , Lei Chen

We present an algorithm for learning an approximate action-value soft Q-function in the relative entropy regularised reinforcement learning setting, for which an optimal improved policy can be recovered in closed form. We use recent…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-11-06 Jonas Degrave , Abbas Abdolmaleki , Jost Tobias Springenberg , Nicolas Heess , Martin Riedmiller

We consider the off-policy estimation problem of estimating the expected reward of a target policy using samples collected by a different behavior policy. Importance sampling (IS) has been a key technique to derive (nearly) unbiased…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-10-31 Qiang Liu , Lihong Li , Ziyang Tang , Dengyong Zhou

Inverse reinforcement learning (IRL) algorithms often rely on (forward) reinforcement learning or planning, over a given time horizon, to compute an approximately optimal policy for a hypothesized reward function; they then match this…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-21 Yiqing Xu , Finale Doshi-Velez , David Hsu
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