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The Key-Value (KV) cache, which stores intermediate attention computations (Key and Value pairs) to avoid redundant calculations, is a fundamental mechanism for accelerating Large Language Model (LLM) inference. However, this efficiency…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-03-25 Zhifan Luo , Shuo Shao , Su Zhang , Lijing Zhou , Yuke Hu , Chenxu Zhao , Zhihao Liu , Zhan Qin

We designed high-efficiency error correcting codes allowing to extract an errorless secret key in a continuous-variable quantum key distribution protocol using a Gaussian modulation of coherent states and a homodyne detection. These codes…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-05-30 Paul Jouguet , Sébastien Kunz-Jacques , Anthony Leverrier

In state-of-the-art quantum key distribution (QKD) systems, the main limiting factor in increasing the key generation rate is the timing resolution in detecting photons. Here, we present and experimentally demonstrate a strategy to overcome…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-07-29 Johannes Pseiner , Lukas Achatz , Lukas Bulla , Martin Bohmann , Rupert Ursin

In this work, we unveil an analogy between well-known lattice based learning with error problem and ill-posed inverse problems. We show that LWE problem is a structured inverse problem. Further, we propose a symmetric encryption scheme…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2025-09-01 Gaurav Mittal

We propose an efficient logical layer-based reconciliation method for continuous-variable quantum key distribution (CVQKD) to extract binary information from correlated Gaussian variables. We demonstrate that by operating on the raw-data…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-01-09 Laszlo Gyongyosi , Sandor Imre

Conventional methods for computing maximum-likelihood estimators (MLE) often converge slowly in practical situations, leading to a search for simplifying methods that rely on additional assumptions for their validity. In this work, we…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-06-28 Jiangwei Shang , Zhengyun Zhang , Hui Khoon Ng

The rapid scaling of Large Language Models (LLMs) elevates inference costs and compounds substantial deployment barriers. While quantization to 8 or 4 bits mitigates this, sub-3-bit methods face severe accuracy, scalability, and efficiency…

In this work we construct an alternative model for Authenticated Key Exchange, intended to build a theoretic security framework for protocols whose characteristics may not always concur with the specifics of already existing models for…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-25 Rodrigo Martín Sánchez-Ledesma , David Domingo Martín , Iván Blanco Chacón , Ignacio Luengo Velasco

Quantum key distribution (QKD) relies on quantum and classical procedures in order to achieve the growing of a secret random string -the key- known only to the two parties executing the protocol. Limited intrinsic efficiency of the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2011-04-04 David Elkouss , Jesus Martinez-Mateo , Vicente Martin

Our main result is a quantum public-key encryption scheme based on the Extrapolated Dihedral Coset problem (EDCP) which is equivalent, under quantum polynomial-time reductions, to the Learning With Errors (LWE) problem. For limited number…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-05-28 Javad Doliskani

In this paper, we introduce a reconciliation protocol with a two-step error correction scheme that uses a short-blocklength, low-rate code and a long-blocklength, high-rate code. We simulate the protocol using a short-block-length…

Post-quantum cryptography (PQC) must secure large-scale communication systems against quantum adversaries where classical hardness alone is insufficient and purely quantum schemes remain impractical. Lattice-based key encapsulation…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-11-18 Ilias Cherkaoui , Indrakshi Dey

Generative large language models (LLMs) have revolutionized multiple domains. Modern LLMs predominantly rely on an autoregressive decoding strategy, which generates output tokens sequentially and employs a key-value cache (KV cache) to…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-02-13 Ye Yu , Yifan Zhou , Yi Chen , Pedro Soto , Wenjie Xiong , Meng Li

Physical attacks are serious threats to cryptosystems deployed in the real world. In this work, we propose a microarchitectural end-to-end attack methodology on generic lattice-based post-quantum key encapsulation mechanisms to recover the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-11-15 Puja Mondal , Suparna Kundu , Sarani Bhattacharya , Angshuman Karmakar , Ingrid Verbauwhede

A big challenge in continuous variable quantum key distribution is to prove security against arbitrary coherent attacks including realistic assumptions such as finite-size effects. Recently, such a proof has been presented in [Phys. Rev.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-06-19 Fabian Furrer

Nowadays, the dataflux shared between IOT systems must be secured from 8-bits to 64-bits processors systems. Several symmetric cryptographic algorithm already exist such as AES (Advanced Encryption Standard), RC4, Blowfish, etc. In this…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-05-21 Etienne Lemaire

We investigate the performance of continuous variable quantum key distribution scheme in a practical setting. More specifically, we take non-ideal error reconciliation procedure into account. The quantum channel connecting the two honest…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-11 Matthias Heid , Norbert Lütkenhaus

This work presents a joint design of encoding and encryption procedures for public key encryptions (PKEs) and key encapsulation mechanism (KEMs) such as Kyber, without relying on the assumption of independent decoding noise components,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-05-16 Shuiyin Liu , Amin Sakzad

Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) enables two parties to establish a common secret key that is information-theoretically secure by transmitting random bits that are encoded as qubits and sent over a quantum channel, followed by classical…

The Elliptic Curve Integrated Encryption Scheme (ECIES) is widely regarded as a practical method and has been adopted by multiple standards. However, the advancement of quantum computing technologies poses potential security risks to ECIES.…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Abel C. H. Chen