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Memoryless and finite-memory policies offer a practical alternative for solving partially observable Markov decision processes (POMDPs), as they operate directly in the output space rather than in the high-dimensional belief space. However,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-15 Roy van Zuijlen , Duarte Antunes

Partially Observable Markov Decision Processes (POMDPs) are systems in which one agent interacts with a stochastic environment, and receives only partial information about the current state. In a multi-environment POMDP (MEPOMDP), the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-11 Léonard Brice , Filip Cano , Krishnendu Chatterjee , Thomas A. Henzinger , Stefanie Muroya

We study planning problems where autonomous agents operate inside environments that are subject to uncertainties and not fully observable. Partially observable Markov decision processes (POMDPs) are a natural formal model to capture such…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2018-02-28 Steven Carr , Nils Jansen , Ralf Wimmer , Jie Fu , Ufuk Topcu

We present a technique for speeding up the convergence of value iteration for partially observable Markov decisions processes (POMDPs). The underlying idea is similar to that behind modified policy iteration for fully observable Markov…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2013-01-30 Nevin Lianwen Zhang , Stephen S. Lee , Weihong Zhang

Partially Observable Markov Decision Processes (POMDPs) provide a rich framework for sequential decision-making under uncertainty in stochastic domains. However, solving a POMDP is often intractable except for small problems due to their…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2014-01-16 Stéphane Ross , Joelle Pineau , Sébastien Paquet , Brahim Chaib-draa

In these notes we will tackle the problem of finding optimal policies for Markov decision processes (MDPs) which are not fully known to us. Our intention is to slowly transition from an offline setting to an online (learning) setting.…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-06-22 Guillermo A. Perez

We study model-based learning of finite-window policies in tabular partially observable Markov decision processes (POMDPs). A common approach to learning under partial observability is to approximate unbounded history dependencies using…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-02 Philip Jordan , Maryam Kamgarpour

Recent work in the behavioural sciences has begun to overturn the long-held belief that human decision making is irrational, suboptimal and subject to biases. This turn to the rational suggests that human decision making may be a better…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-06-09 Haiyang Chen , Hyung Jin Chang , Andrew Howes

The framework of mixed observable Markov decision processes (MOMDP) models many robotic domains in which some state variables are fully observable while others are not. In this work, we identify a significant subclass of MOMDPs defined by…

Robotics · Computer Science 2022-06-07 Hai Nguyen , Zhihan Yang , Andrea Baisero , Xiao Ma , Robert Platt , Christopher Amato

We study the problem of synthesizing a controller that maximizes the entropy of a partially observable Markov decision process (POMDP) subject to a constraint on the expected total reward. Such a controller minimizes the predictability of a…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2019-09-16 Michael Hibbard , Yagiz Savas , Bo Wu , Takashi Tanaka , Ufuk Topcu

This paper proposes a reinforcement learning method for controller synthesis of autonomous systems in unknown and partially-observable environments with subjective time-dependent safety constraints. Mathematically, we model the system…

Robotics · Computer Science 2021-04-06 Yu Wang , Alper Kamil Bozkurt , Miroslav Pajic

Partially observable Markov decision processes (POMDPs) are standard models for dynamic systems with probabilistic and nondeterministic behaviour in uncertain environments. We prove that in POMDPs with long-run average objective, the…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2022-09-29 Krishnendu Chatterjee , Raimundo Saona , Bruno Ziliotto

Strategies for partially observable Markov decision processes (POMDP) typically require memory. One way to represent this memory is via automata. We present a method to learn an automaton representation of a strategy using a modification of…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-10-03 Alexander Bork , Debraj Chakraborty , Kush Grover , Jan Kretinsky , Stefanie Mohr

Reinforcement learning would enjoy better success on real-world problems if domain knowledge could be imparted to the algorithm by the modelers. Most problems have both hidden state and unknown dynamics. Partially observable Markov decision…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2013-01-07 Christian R. Shelton

Decision-making under uncertainty is a crucial ability for autonomous systems. In its most general form, this problem can be formulated as a Partially Observable Markov Decision Process (POMDP). The solution policy of a POMDP can be…

Robotics · Computer Science 2019-04-09 Sung-Kyun Kim , Rohan Thakker , Ali-akbar Agha-mohammadi

Partially Observable Markov Decision Processes (POMDPs) are a powerful framework for planning under uncertainty. They allow to model state uncertainty as a belief probability distribution. Approximate solvers based on Monte Carlo sampling…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-03-01 Daniele Meli , Alberto Castellini , Alessandro Farinelli

In the real world, planning is often challenged by distribution shifts. As such, a model of the environment obtained under one set of conditions may no longer remain valid as the distribution of states or the environment dynamics change,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-02 Matteo Ceriscioli , Karthika Mohan

The main goal in task planning is to build a sequence of actions that takes an agent from an initial state to a goal state. In robotics, this is particularly difficult because actions usually have several possible results, and sensors are…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-04-12 Sergio A. Serrano , Elizabeth Santiago , Jose Martinez-Carranza , Eduardo Morales , L. Enrique Sucar

Off-policy reinforcement learning enables near-optimal policy from suboptimal experience, thereby provisions opportunity for artificial intelligence applications in healthcare. Previous works have mainly framed patient-clinician…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2018-06-05 Luchen Li , Matthieu Komorowski , Aldo A. Faisal

Partially Observable Markov Decision Process (POMDP) is a framework applicable to many real world problems. In this work, we propose an approach to solve POMDPs with multimodal belief by relying on a policy that solves the fully observable…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-07-26 András Attila Sulyok , Kristóf Karacs
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