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Air pollution is a major driver of climate change. Anthropogenic emissions from the burning of fossil fuels for transportation and power generation emit large amounts of problematic air pollutants, including Greenhouse Gases (GHGs). Despite…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-09-01 Linus Scheibenreif , Michael Mommert , Damian Borth

The MOST, CoRoT, and Kepler space missions led to the discovery of a large number of intriguing, and in some cases unique, objects among which are pulsating stars, stars hosting exoplanets, binaries, etc. Although the space missions deliver…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-17 A. Tkachenko , T. Van Reeth , V. Tsymbal , C. Aerts , O. Kochukhov , J. Debosscher

We investigate methods for determining if a planar surface contains geometric deviations (e.g., protrusions, objects, divots, or cliffs) using only an instantaneous measurement from a miniature optical time-of-flight sensor. The key to our…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-08-08 Carter Sifferman , William Sun , Mohit Gupta , Michael Gleicher

We investigate the problem of reconstructing signals from a subsampled convolution of their modulated versions and a known filter. The problem is studied as applies to specific imaging systems relying on spatial phase modulation by randomly…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2016-03-23 Sohail Bahmani , Justin Romberg

This paper is concerned with the study of a version of the globally convergent convexification method with direct application to synthetic aperture radar (SAR) imaging. Results of numerical testing are presented for experimentally collected…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2021-03-22 M. V. Klibanov , V. A. Khoa , A. V. Smirnov , L. H. Nguyen , G. W. Bidney , L. H. Nguyen , A. J. Sullivan , V. N. Astratov

Ground-based solar observations enable unprecedented spatial, spectral, and temporal resolution of the lower solar atmosphere, yet Earths turbulent atmosphere imposes significant limitations, requiring advanced post-facto image…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2026-03-06 Christoph Schirninger , Robert Jarolim , Astrid M. Veronig , Matthias Rempel , Friedrich Wöger

Deconvolution is the most widely used aberration correction technique in microscopy, however most techniques assume that the aberrations are the same for each point in the image, which is rarely true. Methods for tracking spatially varying…

Optics · Physics 2025-12-02 Jakub Czuchnowski , Chuan Li , Hongli Ni , Brandon Weissbourd , Jerome Mertz

This work concerns a detailed review of data analysis methods used for remotely sensed images of large areas of the Earth and of other solid astronomical objects. In detail, it focuses on the problem of inferring the materials that cover…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2025-07-22 Alfredo Gimenez Zapiola , Andrea Boselli , Alessandra Menafoglio , Simone Vantini

We consider synthetic aperture radar imaging of a region containing point-like targets. Measurements are the set of frequency responses to scattering by the targets taken over a collection of individual spatial locations along the flight…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2021-12-28 Arnold D. Kim , Chrysoula Tsogka

We consider sampling and detection strategies for solar illuminated space debris. We argue that the lowest detectable debris cross section may be reduced by 10-100x by analysis of stacks of image frames collected at high rates rather than…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2025-12-02 Hasan Bahcivan , David J. Brady , Gordon C. Hageman

The Sudden Approximation is applied to invert structural data on randomly corrugated surfaces from inert atom scattering intensities. Several expressions relating experimental observables to surface statistical features are derived. The…

Materials Science · Physics 2016-08-31 Daniel A. Lidar

In a companion article, we discussed the radiometric sensitivity and resolution of a new passive optical sensing technique, Space-Time Projection Optical Tomography (SPOT), to detect and track sub-cm and larger space debris for Space…

Optics · Physics 2022-11-28 Hasan Bahcivan , David J. Brady

Unmeasured spatial confounding complicates exposure effect estimation in environmental health studies. This problem is exacerbated in studies with multiple health outcomes and environmental exposure variables, as the source and magnitude of…

Distributions measured in high energy physics experiments are usually distorted and/or transformed by various detector effects. A regularization method for unfolding these distributions is re-formulated in terms of the Singular Value…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2008-11-26 Andreas Hoecker , Vakhtang Kartvelishvili

Airborne electromagnetic surveys may consist of hundreds of thousands of soundings. In most cases, this makes 3D inversions unfeasible even when the subsurface is characterized by a high level of heterogeneity. Instead, approaches based on…

Geophysics · Physics 2021-09-29 Peng Bai , Giulio Vignoli , Thomas Mejer Hansen

In many applications of autonomous mobile robots the following problem is encountered. Two maps of the same environment are available, one a prior map and the other a sensor map built by the robot. To benefit from all available information…

Robotics · Computer Science 2018-07-03 Saeed Gholami Shahbandi , Martin Magnusson

Post-disaster survivor localization using Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) faces a fundamental physical challenge: the prevalence of Non-Line-of-Sight (NLOS) propagation in collapsed structures. Unlike standard Gaussian noise, signal…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-02-19 Zhiyuan Ren , Yudong Fang , Tao Zhang , Wenchi Cheng , Ben Lan

Beamforming is an imaging tool for the investigation of aeroacoustic phenomena and results in high dimensional data that is broken down to spectra by integrating spatial Regions Of Interest. This paper presents two methods that enable the…

Sound · Computer Science 2021-09-29 Armin Goudarzi , Carsten Spehr , Steffen Herbold

This paper proposes a depth estimation method using radar-image fusion by addressing the uncertain vertical directions of sparse radar measurements. In prior radar-image fusion work, image features are merged with the uncertain sparse…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-03-26 Masaya Kotani , Takeru Oba , Norimichi Ukita

We developed a radio interferometric technique for the observation of extensive air showers initiated by cosmic particles. In this proof-of-principle study we show that properties of extensive air showers can be derived with high accuracy…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2022-01-11 Harm Schoorlemmer , Washington R. Carvalho