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Numerical simulations predict a considerable fraction of the missing baryons at redshift z ~ 0 resting in the so called warm-hot intergalactic medium (WHIM). The filaments and sheets of the WHIM have high temperatures 10^5 - 10^7 K) and a…
Dust grains are an important component of the interstellar medium (ISM) of galaxies. We present the first direct measurement of the residence times of interstellar dust in the different ISM phases, and of the transition rates between these…
Planets that are embedded in the changing magnetic fields of their host stars can experience significant induction heating in their interiors caused by the planet's orbital motion. For induction heating to be substantial, the planetary…
Large-scale dust heating and cooling in the diffuse medium of M31 is studied using the HiRes IRAS maps in conjunction with UV, optical (UBV) and the HI maps. A dust heating/cooling model is developed based on a radiative transfer model…
Cosmic-ray and X-ray heating are derived from the electron energy loss calculations of Dalgarno, Yan and Liu for hydrogen-helium gas mixtures. These authors treated the heating from elastic scattering and collisional de-excitation of…
It is known that the millimeter dust thermal emission of protoplanetary disks is affected by scattering, such that for optically thick disks the emission decreases with respect to the pure absorption case and the spectral indices can reach…
The Leo T dwarf galaxy has been utilized to investigate the heating of interstellar medium gas by both primordial black holes (PBHs) and dark matter (DM) particles. Previous studies have typically assumed that either PBHs or DM particles…
Hot exozodiacal dust is dust in the innermost regions of planetary systems, at temperatures around 1000K to 2000K, and commonly detected by near-infrared interferometry. The phenomenon is poorly understood and has received renewed attention…
Hot corinos are compact regions around solar-mass protostellar objects that are very rich in interstellar complex organic molecules (iCOMs). They are believed to represent the very early phases of our Solar System's birth, which was very…
Determining the atomic and molecular content of the interstellar medium (ISM) as a function of environmental parameters is of fundamental importance to understand the star-formation process across the epochs. Although there exist various…
The initial abundance of radioactive heat producing isotopes in the interior of a terrestrial planet are important drivers of its thermal evolution and the related tectonics and possible evolution to an Earth-like habitat. The moderately…
3He-rich solar energetic particles (SEPs) are believed to be accelerated in solar flares or jets by a mechanism that depends on the ion charge-to-mass (Q/M) ratio. It implies that the flare plasma characteristics (e.g., temperature) may be…
TeV-blazars potentially heat the intergalactic medium (IGM) as their gamma rays interact with photons of the extragalactic background light to produce electron-positron pairs, which lose their kinetic energy to the surrounding medium…
Observations from Spitzer and ground-based infrared spectroscopy reveal significant diversity in the molecular emission from the inner few AU of T Tauri disks. We explore theoretically the possible origin of this diversity by expanding on…
For 117 clusters of galaxies, we explore the detectability of intracluster dust grains by current and future infrared facilities, taking into account both collisional heating and sputtering of grains by ambient plasma. If the dust grains…
We use a non-equilibrium chemical network to revisit and study the effect of H_{2}, HD and LiH molecular cooling on a primordial element of gas. We solve both the thermal and chemical equations for a gas element with an initial temperature…
Ultra-hot Jupiters are the hottest close-in exoplanets discovered so far, and present a unique possibility to explore hot and cold chemistry on one object. The tidally locked ultra-hot Jupiter HAT-P-7b has a day/night temperature difference…
The dominant sources of photoionizing radiation in the extreme ultraviolet (EUV) incident on the exterior of the local interstellar clouds include two nearby early B-type stars, $\epsilon$ CMa ($124\pm2$ pc) and $\beta$ CMa ($151\pm5$ pc),…
We investigate a non-equilibrium ionization state and an electron-ion two-temperature structure of the intracluster medium (ICM) in merging galaxy clusters using a series of N-body and hydrodynamic simulations. Mergers with various sets of…
The mass density of dust particles that form from asteroids and comets in the interplanetary medium of the solar system is, near 1 AU, comparable to the mass density of the solar wind. It is mainly contained in particles of micrometer size…