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Clustering is a classic topic in optimization with $k$-means being one of the most fundamental such problems. In the absence of any restrictions on the input, the best known algorithm for $k$-means with a provable guarantee is a simple…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2017-04-11 Sara Ahmadian , Ashkan Norouzi-Fard , Ola Svensson , Justin Ward

This paper presents a thorough evaluation of the existing methods that accelerate Lloyd's algorithm for fast k-means clustering. To do so, we analyze the pruning mechanisms of existing methods, and summarize their common pipeline into a…

Databases · Computer Science 2020-10-28 Sheng Wang , Yuan Sun , Zhifeng Bao

Feature selection is an important and challenging task in high dimensional clustering. For example, in genomics, there may only be a small number of genes that are differentially expressed, which are informative to the overall clustering…

Methodology · Statistics 2019-10-07 Xiangrui Zeng , Hongyu Zheng

The problem of rapid and automated detection of distinct market regimes is a topic of great interest to financial mathematicians and practitioners alike. In this paper, we outline an unsupervised learning algorithm for clustering financial…

Computational Finance · Quantitative Finance 2021-10-25 Blanka Horvath , Zacharia Issa , Aitor Muguruza

Notwithstanding the popularity of conventional clustering algorithms such as K-means and probabilistic clustering, their clustering results are sensitive to the presence of outliers in the data. Even a few outliers can compromise the…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2015-05-27 Pedro A. Forero , Vassilis Kekatos , Georgios B. Giannakis

Clustering is one of the most important tools for analysis of large datasets, and perhaps the most popular clustering algorithm is Lloyd's algorithm for $k$-means. This algorithm takes $n$ vectors $V=[v_1,\dots,v_n]\in\mathbb{R}^{d\times…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-07-18 Arjan Cornelissen , Joao F. Doriguello , Alessandro Luongo , Ewin Tang

Clustering is a hard discrete optimization problem. Nonconvex approaches such as low-rank semidefinite programming (SDP) have recently demonstrated promising statistical and local algorithmic guarantees for cluster recovery. Due to the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-05 Peng Xu , Chun-Ying Hou , Xiaohui Chen , Richard Y. Zhang

Clustering can be defined as the process of assembling objects into a number of groups whose elements are similar to each other in some manner. As a technique that is used in many domains, such as face clustering, plant categorization,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-04-05 Mehmet F. Demirel , Enrico Au-Yeung

This paper addresses the limitations of conventional vector quantization algorithms, particularly K-Means and its variant K-Means++, and investigates the Stochastic Quantization (SQ) algorithm as a scalable alternative for high-dimensional…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-11 Anton Kozyriev , Vladimir Norkin

K-means clustering is widely used in psychological and psychometric research to identify profiles, subgroups, and potential typologies, yet its classical formulation does not test whether such groups exist as latent psychological…

Recently, Bandeira [arXiv:1509.00824] introduced a new type of algorithm (the so-called probably certifiably correct algorithm) that combines fast solvers with the optimality certificates provided by convex relaxations. In this paper, we…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2016-04-26 Takayuki Iguchi , Dustin G. Mixon , Jesse Peterson , Soledad Villar

We present *K-means clustering algorithm and source code by expanding statistical clustering methods applied in https://ssrn.com/abstract=2802753 to quantitative finance. *K-means is statistically deterministic without specifying initial…

Genomics · Quantitative Biology 2017-10-05 Zura Kakushadze , Willie Yu

A new cluster analysis method, $K$-quantiles clustering, is introduced. $K$-quantiles clustering can be computed by a simple greedy algorithm in the style of the classical Lloyd's algorithm for $K$-means. It can be applied to large and…

Methodology · Statistics 2019-11-12 Christian Hennig , Cinzia Viroli , Laura Anderlucci

Among many clustering algorithms, the K-means clustering algorithm is widely used because of its simple algorithm and fast convergence. However, this algorithm suffers from incomplete data, where some samples have missed some of their…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-12-26 Ali Beikmohammadi

We propose a simple and efficient clustering method for high-dimensional data with a large number of clusters. Our algorithm achieves high-performance by evaluating distances of datapoints with a subset of the cluster centres. Our…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-03-30 Georgios Exarchakis , Omar Oubari , Gregor Lenz

A clustering may be considered as fair on pre-specified sensitive attributes if the proportions of sensitive attribute groups in each cluster reflect that in the dataset. In this paper, we consider the task of fair clustering for scenarios…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-01-27 Savitha Sam Abraham , Deepak P , Sowmya S Sundaram

Minimum sum-of-squares clustering (MSSC) is a widely used clustering model, of which the popular K-means algorithm constitutes a local minimizer. It is well known that the solutions of K-means can be arbitrarily distant from the true MSSC…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-12-21 Daniel Gribel , Thibaut Vidal

Educators evaluate student knowledge using knowledge component (KC) models that map assessment questions to KCs. Still, designing KC models for large question banks remains an insurmountable challenge for instructors who need to analyze…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-09-19 Yumou Wei , Paulo Carvalho , John Stamper

We propose a hybrid method for accurately estimating the score function, i.e., the gradient of the log steady-state density, using a Gaussian Mixture Model (GMM) in conjunction with a bisecting K-means clustering step. Our approach, which…

Chaotic Dynamics · Physics 2025-10-31 Ludovico T. Giorgini , Tobias Bischoff , Andre N. Souza

Clustering is a widely used technique with a long and rich history in a variety of areas. However, most existing algorithms do not scale well to large datasets, or are missing theoretical guarantees of convergence. This paper introduces a…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-10-16 Yijia Zhou , Kyle A. Gallivan , Adrian Barbu