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Logging code plays an important role in software systems by recording key events and behaviors, which are essential for debugging and monitoring. However, insecure logging practices can inadvertently expose sensitive information or enable…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-04-23 He Yang Yuan , Xin Wang , Kundi Yao , An Ran Chen , Zishuo Ding , Zhenhao Li

The rapid progress of modern computing systems has led to a growing interest in informative run-time logs. Various log-based anomaly detection techniques have been proposed to ensure software reliability. However, their implementation in…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-08-21 Yintong Huo , Yichen Li , Yuxin Su , Pinjia He , Zifan Xie , Michael R. Lyu

Leadership-class HPC systems generate massive volumes of heterogeneous, largely unstructured system logs. Because these logs originate from diverse software, hardware, and runtime layers, they exhibit inconsistent formats, making structure…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-08 Ahmad Maroof Karimi , Jong Youl Choi , Charles Qing Cao , Awais Khan

Large Language Models (LLMs) have become a focal point of research across various domains, including software engineering, where their capabilities are increasingly leveraged. Recent studies have explored the integration of LLMs into…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-10-14 Yi Wen Heng , Zeyang Ma , Zhenhao Li , Dong Jae Kim , Tse-Hsun , Chen

System logs record detailed runtime information of software systems and are used as the main data source for many tasks around software engineering. As modern software systems are evolving into large scale and complex structures, logs have…

Databases · Computer Science 2019-10-02 Jinyang Liu , Jieming Zhu , Shilin He , Pinjia He , Zibin Zheng , Michael R. Lyu

System logs are some of the most important information for the maintenance of software systems, which have become larger and more complex in recent years. The goal of log-based anomaly detection is to automatically detect system anomalies…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-19 Yuuki Yamanaka , Tomokatsu Takahashi , Takuya Minami , Yoshiaki Nakajima

Logs provide first-hand information for engineers to diagnose failures in large-scale online service systems. Log parsing, which transforms semi-structured raw log messages into structured data, is a prerequisite of automated log analysis…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2022-02-15 Yudong Liu , Xu Zhang , Shilin He , Hongyu Zhang , Liqun Li , Yu Kang , Yong Xu , Minghua Ma , Qingwei Lin , Yingnong Dang , Saravan Rajmohan , Dongmei Zhang

Log statements have become an integral part of modern software systems. Prior research efforts have focused on supporting the decisions of placing log statements, such as where/what to log. With the increasing adoption of Large Language…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-11-05 Hao Zhang , Dongjun Yu , Lei Zhang , Guoping Rong , Yongda Yu , Haifeng Shen , He Zhang , Dong Shao , Hongyu Kuang

Logs are critical resources that record events, activities, or messages produced by software applications, operating systems, servers, and network devices. However, consolidating the heterogeneous logs and cross-referencing them is…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-12-18 Rabimba Karanjai , Yang Lu , Dana Alsagheer , Keshav Kasichainula , Lei Xu , Weidong Shi , Shou-Hsuan Stephen Huang

System logs perform a critical function in software-intensive systems as logs record the state of the system and significant events in the system at important points in time. Unfortunately, log entries are typically created in an ad-hoc,…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2020-01-30 Nathan Bosch , Jan Bosch

Logs are a fundamental component of modern computer systems. They enable the analysis and monitoring teams to understand any abnormal or malicious behavior that may have occurred. The continuous increase in the volume of logs generated by…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2023-04-25 Arthur Vervaet , Raja Chiky , Mar Callau-Zori

Log parsing has been a long-studied area in software engineering due to its importance in identifying dynamic variables and constructing log templates. Prior work has proposed many statistic-based log parsers (e.g., Drain), which are highly…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-12-09 Qiaolin Qin , Roozbeh Aghili , Heng Li , Ettore Merlo

Logging statements are essential for software debugging and maintenance. However, existing approaches to automatic logging generation rely on static analysis and produce statements in a single pass without considering runtime behavior. They…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-04-01 Xin Wang , Yang Feng , Jiaoxiao Qian , Yang Zhang , Zhenhao Li , Zishuo Ding

Many services today massively and continuously produce log files of different and varying formats. These logs are important since they contain information about the application activities, which is necessary for improvements by analyzing…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2023-04-11 Igor Cherepanov , Jonathan Geraldi Joewono , Arjan Kuijper , Jörn Kohlhammer

Log analysis is one of the main techniques engineers use to troubleshoot faults of large-scale software systems. During the past decades, many log analysis approaches have been proposed to detect system anomalies reflected by logs. They…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2022-09-19 Yongzheng Xie , Hongyu Zhang , Muhammad Ali Babar

In the last decade, an impressive increase in software adaptions has led to a surge in log data production, making manual log analysis impractical and establishing the necessity for automated methods. Conversely, most automated analysis…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-11-19 Shayan Hashemi , Mika Mäntylä

Logging code is written by developers to capture system runtime behavior and plays a vital role in debugging, performance analysis, and system monitoring. However, defects in logging code can undermine the usefulness of logs and lead to…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-08-18 Xin Wang , Zhenhao Li , Zishuo Ding

Event log analysis is an important task that security professionals undertake. Event logs record key information on activities that occur on computing devices, and due to the substantial number of events generated, they consume a large…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-02-04 Siraaj Akhtar , Saad Khan , Simon Parkinson

Logging is a critical function in modern distributed applications, but the lack of standardization in log query languages and formats creates significant challenges. Developers currently must write ad hoc queries in platform-specific…

Log-based anomaly detection (LogAD) is critical for maintaining the reliability and availability of large-scale online service systems. While machine learning, deep learning, and large language models (LLMs)-based methods have advanced the…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-10-28 Junjie Huang , Minghua He , Jinyang Liu , Yintong Huo , Domenico Bianculli , Michael R. Lyu