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We show that systems with negative specific heat can violate the zeroth law of thermodynamics. By both numerical simulations and by using exact expressions for free energy and microcanonical entropy it is shown that if two systems with the…
To the student of thermodynamics the most difficult subject is entropy. In this paper we examine the actual, practical application of entropy to two simple systems, the homogeneous slab with fixed boundary values of the temperature, and an…
We show that the vortex dynamics in Fermi superfluids at ultra-low temperatures is governed by the local heating of the vortex cores creating the heat flux carried by non-equilibrium quasiparticles emitted by moving vortices. This mechanism…
According to conventional wisdom, a system placed in an environment with a different temperature tends to relax to the temperature of the latter, mediated by the flows of heat and/or matter that are set solely by the temperature difference.…
Thermalization of isolated quantum systems has been studied intensively in recent years and significant progresses have been achieved. Here, we study thermalization of small quantum systems that interact with large chaotic environments…
A thermodynamic model of a plasma boundary layer, characterized by enhanced temperature contrasts is proposed. The theory is constructed to determine the inner boundary temperature $T_1$ for a specified outer (colder) boundary temperature…
An intriguing phenomenon in non-equilibrium quantum thermodynamics is the asymmetry of thermal processes. Relaxation to thermal equilibrium is the most important dissipative process, being a key concept for the design of heat engines and…
Similarity solutions for a one-dimensional mathematical model for thawing in a saturated semi-infinite porous media is considered when change of phase induces a density jump and a convective boundary condition is imposed at the fixed face…
We study the thermodynamic behavior of a decaying scalar field coupled to a relativistic simple fluid. It is shown that if the decay products are represented by a thermalized bath, its temperature evolution law requires naturally a new…
A large class of isolated quantum system in a pure state can equilibrate and serve as a heat bath. We show that once the equilibrium is reached, any of its subsystems that is much smaller than the isolated system is thermalized such that…
The applicability conditions of a recently reported Central Limit Theorem-based approximation method in statistical physics are investigated and rigorously determined. The failure of this method at low and intermediate temperature is proved…
The coupling between electronic and lattice degrees of freedom lies at the core of many important properties of solids. Nevertheless, surprisingly little is know about the entanglement between these degrees of freedom. We here calculate the…
We show that a local measurement of temperature and voltage for a quantum system in steady state, arbitrarily far from equilibrium, with arbitrary interactions within the system, is unique when it exists. This is interpreted as a…
Are systems that display Topological Quantum Order (TQO), and have a gap to excitations, hardware fault-tolerant at finite temperatures? We show that in surface code models that display low d-dimensional Gauge-Like Symmetries, such as…
We investigate various possible definitions of an effective temperature for a particularly simple nonequilibrium stationary system, namely a heated Brownian particle suspended in a fluid. The effective temperature based on the fluctuation…
What limits the value of the superconducting transition temperature ($T_c$) is a question of great fundamental and practical importance. Various heuristic upper bounds on $T_c$ have been proposed, expressed as fractions of the Fermi…
Thermal fluctuations constantly and evenly excite all vibrational modes in an equilibrium crystal. As the temperature rises, these fluctuations promote the formation of defects and eventually melting. In active solids, the self-propulsion…
Decoherence effects at finite temperature (T) are examined for two manifestly quantum systems: (i) Casimir forces between parallel plates that conduct along different directions, and (ii) a topological Aharonov-Bohm (AB) type force between…
When the difference between changes in energy and entropy at a given temperature is correlated with the ratio between the same changes in energy and entropy at zero average free energy of an ensemble of similar but distinct molecule-sized…
We present rigorous bounds on the thermalization time of the family of quantum mechanical spin systems known as stabilizer Hamiltonians. The thermalizing dynamics are modeled by a Davies master equation that arises from a weak local…