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Normalization is fundamental to deep learning, but existing approaches such as BatchNorm, LayerNorm, and RMSNorm are variance-centric by enforcing zero mean and unit variance, stabilizing training without controlling how representations…

Deepfake detection methods based on convolutional neural networks (CNN) have demonstrated high accuracy. \textcolor{black}{However, these methods often suffer from decreased performance when faced with unknown forgery methods and common…

As a dedicated quantum device, Ising machines could solve large-scale binary optimization problems in milliseconds. There is emerging interest in utilizing Ising machines to train feedforward neural networks due to the prosperity of…

Deep neural networks (DNNs) are typically optimized using various forms of mini-batch gradient descent algorithm. A major motivation for mini-batch gradient descent is that with a suitably chosen batch size, available computing resources…

We propose a normalized deep neural network (norm-DNN) for computing ground states of Bose-Einstein condensation (BEC) via the minimization of the Gross-Pitaevskii energy functional under unitary mass normalization. Compared with the…

Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) are very popular in many fields including computer vision, speech recognition, natural language processing, to name a few. Though deep learning leads to groundbreaking performance in these domains, the…

Advances in artificial intelligence (AI) and deep learning have raised concerns about its increasing energy consumption, while demand for deploying AI in mobile devices and machines at the edge is growing. Binary neural networks (BNNs) have…

This paper first answers the question "why do the two most powerful techniques Dropout and Batch Normalization (BN) often lead to a worse performance when they are combined together?" in both theoretical and statistical aspects.…

Uncertainty estimation in Neural Networks (NNs) is vital in improving reliability and confidence in predictions, particularly in safety-critical applications. Bayesian Neural Networks (BayNNs) with Dropout as an approximation offer a…

The central problem in biomedical imaging are batch effects: systematic technical variations unrelated to the biological signal of interest. These batch effects critically undermine experimental reproducibility and are the primary cause of…

The ability of machine learning (ML) algorithms to generalize well to unseen data has been studied through the lens of information theory, by bounding the generalization error with the input-output mutual information (MI), i.e., the MI…

This paper proposes a training method having multiple cyclic training for achieving enhanced performance in low-bit quantized convolutional neural networks (CNNs). Quantization is a popular method for obtaining lightweight CNNs, where the…

The prediction accuracy of the deep neural networks (DNNs) after deployment at the edge can suffer with time due to shifts in the distribution of the new data. To improve robustness of DNNs, they must be able to update themselves to enhance…

Batch normalization (BN) is central to modern deep networks, but its effect on the realized function during training remains less understood than its optimization benefits. We study training-time BN in continuous piecewise-affine (CPA)…

We show that training a deep network using batch normalization is equivalent to approximate inference in Bayesian models. We further demonstrate that this finding allows us to make meaningful estimates of the model uncertainty using…

Convolutional Neural Networks(CNN) are inherently equivariant under translations, however, they do not have an equivalent embedded mechanism to handle other transformations such as rotations and change in scale. Several approaches exist…

Recent work has shown that it is possible to train deep neural networks that are provably robust to norm-bounded adversarial perturbations. Most of these methods are based on minimizing an upper bound on the worst-case loss over all…

Bayesian Neural Networks (BNNs) provide superior estimates of uncertainty by generating an ensemble of predictive distributions. However, inference via ensembling is resource-intensive, requiring additional entropy sources to generate…

Batch Normalization (BN) is extensively employed in various network architectures by performing standardization within mini-batches. A full understanding of the process has been a central target in the deep learning communities. Unlike…

Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs) have recently emerged as an alternative to deep learning owing to sparse, asynchronous and binary event (or spike) driven processing, that can yield huge energy efficiency benefits on neuromorphic hardware.…