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Much of the mathematical development of quantum field theory has been in support of determining the S-matrix in order to calculate scattering cross sections. However there is also an interest in determining how expectation values of field…

General Physics · Physics 2014-07-24 Dan Solomon

The 'problem of time' can be 'solved' in principle by taking the viewpoint that information created by quantum systems or Feynman Clocks (FCs) is transferred by signals to detectors as quantum 'infostates' and then used to construct 'time'…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Scott M. Hitchcock

Constructing observables that describe the localization of relativistic particles is an important foundational problem in relativistic quantum field theory (QFT). The description of localization in terms of single-time observables leads to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-05-01 Charis Anastopoulos , Ntina Savvidou

The notion of time in cosmology is revealed through an examination of transition matrix elements of radiative processes occurring in the cosmos. To begin with, the very concept of time is delineated in classical physics in terms of…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2009-10-30 R. Brout , R. Parentani

Beginning with the principle that a closed mechanical composite system is timeless, time can be defined by the regular changes in a suitable position coordinate (clock) in the observing part, when one part of the closed composite observes…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-10-05 John S. Briggs

We distinguish two different concepts of time that play a role in physics: \textit{geometric time} and \textit{creative time}. The former is the time of deterministic physics and merely parametrizes a given evolution. The latter is instead…

History and Philosophy of Physics · Physics 2026-02-10 Flavio Del Santo , Nicolas Gisin

The temporal Bell inequalities are derived from the assumptions of realism and locality in time. It is shown that quantum mechanics violates these inequalities and thus is in conflict with the two assumptions. This can be used for…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Caslav Brukner , Samuel Taylor , Sancho Cheung , Vlatko Vedral

We investigate three aspects of the supposed problem of time: The disagreement between the treatments of time in general relativity and quantum theory, the problem of recovering time from within an isolated Universe and the prevalence of a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-11-27 K. L. H. Bryan , A. J. M. Medved

We introduce a formalism for the calculation of the time of arrival t at a detector of particles traveling through interacting environments. We develop a general formulation that employs quantum canonical transformations from the free to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 J. Leon , J. Julve , P. Pitanga , F. J. de Urries

A question of the time the system spends in the specified state, when the final state of the system is given, is raised. The model of weak measurements is used to obtain the expression for the time. The conditions for determination of such…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 J. Ruseckas , B. Kaulakys

It is widely hoped that quantum gravity will shed light on the question of the origin of time in physics. The currently dominant approaches to a candidate quantum theory of gravity have naturally evolved from general relativity, on the one…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2015-05-14 Gil Jannes

Time-frequency representations stemmed in 1932 with the introduction of the Wigner distribution. For most of the 20th century, research in this area primarily focused on defining joint probability distributions for position and momentum in…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2026-01-13 Gianluca Giacchi

Clock synchronisation relies on time-frequency transfer procedures which involve quantum fields. We use the conformal symmetry of such fields to define as quantum operators the time and frequency exchanged in transfer procedures and to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-10-30 Marc-Thierry Jaekel , Serge Reynaud

The role played by Time in the quantum theory is still mysterious by many aspects. In particular it is not clear today whether the distribution of decay times of unstable particles could be described by a Time Operator. As we shall discuss,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-06-04 Thomas Durt

We address the relation between two apparently distinct problems: The quest for a deeper understanding of the nature of consciousness and the search for time and space as emergent structures in the quantum mechanical world. We also advance…

History and Philosophy of Physics · Physics 2017-09-29 Augusto Cesar Lobo

The quantum theory of a harmonic oscillator with a time dependent frequency arises in several important physical problems, especially in the study of quantum field theory in an external background. While the mathematics of this system is…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2009-11-13 Gaurang Mahajan , T. Padmanabhan

There is a relation between the irreversibility of thermodynamic processes as expressed by the breaking of time-reversal symmetry, and the entropy production in such processes. We explain on an elementary mathematical level the relations…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2007-05-23 C. Maes , K. Netocny

We argue that in classical and quantum theories of gravity the configuration space and Hilbert space may not be constructible through any finite procedure. If this is the case then the "problem of time" in quantum cosmology may be a…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2007-05-23 Stuart Kauffman , Lee Smolin

Most attempts to argue for the second law of thermodynamics fail because (1) they use the unviable frequency theory of probability and (2) they do not explain why the arrow of time seen in experiments is aligned with the thermodynamic arrow…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2008-11-24 Alan Forrester

Time plays a special role in Standard Quantum Theory. The concept of time observable causes many controversies there. In Event Enhanced Quantum Theory (in short: EEQT) Schroedinger's differential equation is replaced by a em piecewise…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2011-04-15 Ph. Blanchard , A. Jadczyk