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Text-based communication is highly favoured as a communication method, especially in business environments. As a result, it is often abused by sending malicious messages, e.g., spam emails, to deceive users into relaying personal…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2022-04-14 Annalisa Occhipinti , Louis Rogers , Claudio Angione

In this paper we analyze features to classify human- and AI-generated text for English, French, German and Spanish and compare them across languages. We investigate two scenarios: (1) The detection of text generated by AI from scratch, and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-01-31 Kristina Schaaff , Tim Schlippe , Lorenz Mindner

Text classification has seen an increased use in both academic and industry settings. Though rule based methods have been fairly successful, supervised machine learning has been shown to be most successful for most languages, where most…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-04-26 Deniz Kavi

English as foreign language_EFL_students' use of text generated from artificial intelligence_AI_natural language generation_NLG_tools may improve their writing quality. However, it remains unclear to what extent AI-generated text in these…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-17 David James Woo , Hengky Susanto , Chi Ho Yeung , Kai Guo , April Ka Yeng Fung

Large language models (LLMs), typically designed as a function of next-word prediction, have excelled across extensive NLP tasks. Despite the generality, next-word prediction is often not an efficient formulation for many of the tasks,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-03 Yuheng Zha , Yichi Yang , Ruichen Li , Zhiting Hu

Front-line police officers often categorize all police call reported cases of Telecom Fraud into 14 subcategories to facilitate targeted prevention measures, such as precise public education. However, the associated data is characterized by…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-11-12 Liu Zhuoxian , Shi Tuo , Hu Xiaofeng

Assessing language proficiency is essential for education, as it enables instruction tailored to learners needs. This paper investigates the use of Large Language Models (LLMs) for automatically classifying German texts according to the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-09 Elias-Leander Ahlers , Witold Brunsmann , Malte Schilling

Given a task, human learns from easy to hard, whereas the model learns randomly. Undeniably, difficulty insensitive learning leads to great success in NLP, but little attention has been paid to the effect of text difficulty in NLP. In this…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-03 Bowen Chen , Xiao Ding , Li Du , Qin Bing , Ting Liu

We propose to model the text classification process as a sequential decision process. In this process, an agent learns to classify documents into topics while reading the document sentences sequentially and learns to stop as soon as enough…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2015-03-19 Gabriel Dulac-Arnold , Ludovic Denoyer , Patrick Gallinari

Unsupervised Machine Learning techniques have been applied to Natural Language Processing tasks and surpasses the benchmarks such as GLUE with great success. Building language models approach achieves good results in one language and it can…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-11-28 Amir Jafari

This research conducts a comparative study on multilingual text classification methods, utilizing deep learning and embedding visualization. The study employs LangDetect, LangId, FastText, and Sentence Transformer on a dataset encompassing…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-12-08 Arinjay Wyawhare

Education that suits the individual learning level is necessary to improve students' understanding. The first step in achieving this purpose by using large language models (LLMs) is to adjust the textual difficulty of the response to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-23 Seiji Gobara , Hidetaka Kamigaito , Taro Watanabe

We apply text analysis approaches for a specialized search engine for 3D CAD models and associated products. The main goals are to distinguish between actual product descriptions and other text on a website, as well as to decide whether a…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2019-04-30 Thomas Köllmer , Jens Hasselbach , Patrick Aichroth

Recent years have witnessed the success of dictionary learning (DL) based approaches in the domain of pattern classification. In this paper, we present an efficient structured dictionary learning (ESDL) method which takes both the diversity…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-07-15 Zi-Qi Li , Jun Sun , Xiao-Jun Wu , He-Feng Yin

Machine translation quality has steadily improved over the years, achieving near-perfect translations in recent benchmarks. These high-quality outputs make it difficult to distinguish between state-of-the-art models and to identify areas…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-29 Lorenzo Proietti , Stefano Perrella , Vilém Zouhar , Roberto Navigli , Tom Kocmi

Visual text evokes an image in a person's mind, while non-visual text fails to do so. A method to automatically detect visualness in text will enable text-to-image retrieval and generation models to augment text with relevant images. This…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-24 Gaurav Verma , Ryan A. Rossi , Christopher Tensmeyer , Jiuxiang Gu , Ani Nenkova

Most work in text classification and Natural Language Processing (NLP) focuses on English or a handful of other languages that have text corpora of hundreds of millions of words. This is creating a new version of the digital divide: the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-03-28 Meryem M'hamdi , Robert West , Andreea Hossmann , Michael Baeriswyl , Claudiu Musat

Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown impressive performance across a variety of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and natural language processing tasks, such as content creation, report generation, etc. However, unregulated malign application…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-09-15 Harika Abburi , Michael Suesserman , Nirmala Pudota , Balaji Veeramani , Edward Bowen , Sanmitra Bhattacharya

Machine learning-based classifiers have been used for text classification, such as sentiment analysis, news classification, and toxic comment classification. However, supervised machine learning models often require large amounts of labeled…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-06 Yejian Zhang , Shingo Takada

In this paper, we investigate the effect of addressing difficult samples from a given text dataset on the downstream text classification task. We define difficult samples as being non-obvious cases for text classification by analysing them…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-02-14 Shashank Mujumdar , Stuti Mehta , Hima Patel , Suman Mitra