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We develop a theory for the market impact of large trading orders, which we call metaorders because they are typically split into small pieces and executed incrementally. Market impact is empirically observed to be a concave function of…

Trading and Market Microstructure · Quantitative Finance 2013-09-30 J. Doyne Farmer , Austin Gerig , Fabrizio Lillo , Henri Waelbroeck

The article is an empirical study of market impact through order book events. It describes a mechanism of extracting an average participation rate and a market impact of small orders which represent individual slices of large metaorders.…

Trading and Market Microstructure · Quantitative Finance 2022-01-11 Oleh Danyliv

It is known that the impact of transactions on stock price (market impact) is a concave function of the size of the order, but there exists little quantitative theory that suggests why this is so. I develop a quantitative theory for the…

Statistical Finance · Quantitative Finance 2008-12-02 Austin Gerig

We propose a dynamical theory of market liquidity that predicts that the average supply/demand profile is V-shaped and {\it vanishes} around the current price. This result is generic, and only relies on mild assumptions about the order flow…

Trading and Market Microstructure · Quantitative Finance 2011-11-02 Bence Toth , Yves Lemperiere , Cyril Deremble , Joachim de Lataillade , Julien Kockelkoren , Jean-Philippe Bouchaud

Devising models of the limit order book that realistically reproduce the market response to exogenous trades is extremely challenging and fundamental in order to test trading strategies. We propose a novel explainable model for small tick…

Trading and Market Microstructure · Quantitative Finance 2025-03-24 Adele Ravagnani , Fabrizio Lillo

The available liquidity at any time in financial markets falls largely short of the typical size of the orders that institutional investors would trade. In order to reduce the impact on prices due to the execution of large orders, traders…

Trading and Market Microstructure · Quantitative Finance 2024-05-22 Louis Saddier , Matteo Marsili

The market impact (MI) of Volume Weighted Average Price (VWAP) orders is a convex function of a trading rate, but most empirical estimates of transaction cost are concave functions. How is this possible? We show that isochronic (constant…

Trading and Market Microstructure · Quantitative Finance 2013-12-13 Igor Skachkov

Estimating market impact and transaction costs of large trades (metaorders) is a very important topic in finance. However, using models of price and trade based on public market data provide average price trajectories which are…

Trading and Market Microstructure · Quantitative Finance 2025-12-04 Manuel Naviglio , Giacomo Bormetti , Francesco Campigli , German Rodikov , Fabrizio Lillo

We define what "Price Impact" means, and how it is measured and modelled in the recent literature. Although this notion seems to convey the idea of a forceful and intuitive mechanism, we discuss why things might not be that simple.…

Trading and Market Microstructure · Quantitative Finance 2017-08-24 J. P. Bouchaud

In this work, we aim to reconcile several apparently contradictory observations in market microstructure: is the famous "square-root law" of metaorder impact, which decays with time, compatible with the random-walk nature of prices and the…

Trading and Market Microstructure · Quantitative Finance 2026-03-05 Guillaume Maitrier , Jean-Philippe Bouchaud

We propose a minimal theory of non-linear price impact based on a linear (latent) order book approximation, inspired by diffusion-reaction models and general arguments. Our framework allows one to compute the average price trajectory in the…

Trading and Market Microstructure · Quantitative Finance 2015-03-03 Jonathan Donier , Julius Bonart , Iacopo Mastromatteo , Jean-Philippe Bouchaud

How and why stock prices move is a centuries-old question still not answered conclusively. More recently, attention shifted to higher frequencies, where trades are processed piecewise across different timescales. Here we reveal that price…

Trading and Market Microstructure · Quantitative Finance 2018-01-17 Felix Patzelt , Jean-Philippe Bouchaud

Our goal in this paper is to study the market impact in a market in which the order flow is autocorrelated. We build a model which explains qualitatively and quantitatively the empirical facts observed so far concerning market impact. We…

Trading and Market Microstructure · Quantitative Finance 2012-12-20 Jonathan Donier

While the market impact of aggressive orders has been extensively studied, the impact of passive orders, those executed through limit orders, remains less understood. The goal of this paper is to investigate passive market impact by…

Mathematical Finance · Quantitative Finance 2024-12-11 Youssef Ouazzani Chahdi , Mathieu Rosenbaum , Grégoire Szymanski

The impact of trades on asset prices is a crucial aspect of market dynamics for academics, regulators and practitioners alike. Recently, universal and highly nonlinear master curves were observed for price impacts aggregated on all…

Trading and Market Microstructure · Quantitative Finance 2018-01-17 Felix Patzelt , Jean-Philippe Bouchaud

Using a proprietary dataset of meta-orders and prediction signals, and assuming a quasi-linear impact model, we deconvolve market impact from past correlated trades and a predictable return component to elicit the temporal dependence of the…

Trading and Market Microstructure · Quantitative Finance 2014-07-15 X. Brokmann , E. Serie , J. Kockelkoren , J. -P. Bouchaud

We present a measurement of price impact in order-driven markets that does not require averages across executions or scenarios. Given the order book data associated with one single execution of a sell metaorder, we measure its contribution…

Trading and Market Microstructure · Quantitative Finance 2022-01-24 Claudio Bellani , Damiano Brigo , Mikko Pakkanen , Leandro Sanchez-Betancourt

In this article we revisit the classic problem of tatonnement in price formation from a microstructure point of view, reviewing a recent body of theoretical and empirical work explaining how fluctuations in supply and demand are slowly…

Trading and Market Microstructure · Quantitative Finance 2008-12-02 Jean-Philippe Bouchaud , J. Doyne Farmer , Fabrizio Lillo

We empirically study the market impact of trading orders. We are specifically interested in large trading orders that are executed incrementally, which we call hidden orders. These are reconstructed based on information about market member…

Trading and Market Microstructure · Quantitative Finance 2015-05-13 Esteban Moro , Javier Vicente , Luis G. Moyano , Austin Gerig , J. Doyne Farmer , Gabriella Vaglica , Fabrizio Lillo , Rosario N. Mantegna

We study the problem of what causes prices to change. We define the mechanical impact of a trading order as the change in future prices in the absence of any future changes in decision making, and its it informational impact as the…

Physics and Society · Physics 2009-11-13 J. Doyne Farmer , Neda Zamani
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