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In a variational denoising model, weight in the data fidelity term plays the role of enhancing the noise-removal capability. It is profoundly correlated with noise information, while also balancing the data fidelity and regularization…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-04-14 Xiangyu Rui , Xiangyong Cao , Xile Zhao , Deyu Meng , Michael K. NG

Machine learning (ML) models have difficulty generalizing when the number of training class instances are numerically imbalanced. The problem of generalization in the face of data imbalance has largely been attributed to the lack of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-16 Damien A. Dablain , Nitesh V. Chawla

We address a learning-to-normalize problem by proposing Switchable Normalization (SN), which learns to select different normalizers for different normalization layers of a deep neural network. SN employs three distinct scopes to compute…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-04-25 Ping Luo , Jiamin Ren , Zhanglin Peng , Ruimao Zhang , Jingyu Li

Imbalance learning is a subfield of machine learning that focuses on learning tasks in the presence of class imbalance. Nearly all existing studies refer to class imbalance as a proportion imbalance, where the proportion of training samples…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-05-09 Ou Wu

Most existing object detectors suffer from class imbalance problems that hinder balanced performance. In particular, anchor free object detectors have to solve the background imbalance problem due to detection in a per-pixel prediction…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-12-29 Hopyong Gil , Sangwoo Park , Yusang Park , Wongoo Han , Juyean Hong , Juneyoung Jung

Deep neural networks (DNNs) have been used to create models for many complex analysis problems like image recognition and medical diagnosis. DNNs are a popular tool within machine learning due to their ability to model complex patterns and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-14 Parth Patil , Ben Boardley , Jack Gardner , Emily Loiselle , Deerajkumar Parthipan

When trained with severely imbalanced data, deep neural networks often struggle to accurately recognize classes with only a few samples. Previous studies in long-tailed recognition have attempted to rebalance biased learning using known…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-12-23 Minseok Son , Inyong Koo , Jinyoung Park , Changick Kim

Imbalanced data are frequently encountered in real-world classification tasks. Previous works on imbalanced learning mostly focused on learning with a minority class of few samples. However, the notion of imbalance also applies to cases…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-09-09 Yin Jin , Ningtao Wang , Ruofan Wu , Pengfei Shi , Xing Fu , Weiqiang Wang

Twin Support Vector Machines (TWSVMs) have emerged an efficient alternative to Support Vector Machines (SVM) for learning from imbalanced datasets. The TWSVM learns two non-parallel classifying hyperplanes by solving a couple of smaller…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-02-12 Jayadeva , Himanshu Pant , Sumit Soman , Mayank Sharma

Fine-tuning pre-trained language models (PTLMs), such as BERT and its better variant RoBERTa, has been a common practice for advancing performance in natural language understanding (NLU) tasks. Recent advance in representation learning…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-02-05 Wenxuan Zhou , Bill Yuchen Lin , Xiang Ren

Under-bagging (UB), which combines under-sampling and bagging, is a popular ensemble learning method for training classifiers on an imbalanced data. Using bagging to reduce the increased variance caused by the reduction in sample size due…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-05-19 Takashi Takahashi

Quantized Neural Networks (QNNs) use low bit-width fixed-point numbers for representing weight parameters and activations, and are often used in real-world applications due to their saving of computation resources and reproducibility of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-09-01 Dachao Lin , Peiqin Sun , Guangzeng Xie , Shuchang Zhou , Zhihua Zhang

Data imbalance is a well-known issue in the field of machine learning, attributable to the cost of data collection, the difficulty of labeling, and the geographical distribution of the data. In computer vision, bias in data distribution…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-08-23 Shubham Shrivastava , Xianling Zhang , Sushruth Nagesh , Armin Parchami

The present study introduces a method for improving the classification performance of imbalanced multiclass data streams from wireless body worn sensors. Data imbalance is an inherent problem in activity recognition caused by the irregular…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2016-03-14 Roberto L. Shinmoto Torres , Damith C. Ranasinghe , Qinfeng Shi , Anton van den Hengel

Batch Normalization is an important approach to advancing deep learning since it allows multiple networks to train simultaneously. A problem arises when normalizing along the batch dimension because B.N.'s error increases significantly as…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-04-02 Gousia Habib , Ishfaq Ahmed Malik , Jameel Ahmad , Imtiaz Ahmed , Shaima Qureshi

Weak signal learning (WSL) is a common challenge in many fields like fault diagnosis, medical imaging, and autonomous driving, where critical information is often masked by noise and interference, making feature identification difficult.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-30 Xianqi Liu , Xiangru Li , Lefeng He , Ziyu Fang

While tasks could come with varying the number of instances and classes in realistic settings, the existing meta-learning approaches for few-shot classification assume that the number of instances per task and class is fixed. Due to such…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-02-15 Hae Beom Lee , Hayeon Lee , Donghyun Na , Saehoon Kim , Minseop Park , Eunho Yang , Sung Ju Hwang

Due to the inherent imbalance in real-world datasets, na\"ive Empirical Risk Minimization (ERM) tends to bias the learning process towards the majority classes, hindering generalization to minority classes. To rebalance the learning…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-09 Zitai Wang , Qianqian Xu , Zhiyong Yang , Zhikang Xu , Linchao Zhang , Xiaochun Cao , Qingming Huang

Neural networks trained with class-imbalanced data are known to perform poorly on minor classes of scarce training data. Several recent works attribute this to over-fitting to minor classes. In this paper, we provide a novel explanation of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-10-12 Han-Jia Ye , De-Chuan Zhan , Wei-Lun Chao

As an indispensable component, Batch Normalization (BN) has successfully improved the training of deep neural networks (DNNs) with mini-batches, by normalizing the distribution of the internal representation for each hidden layer. However,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2018-03-01 Guangrun Wang , Jiefeng Peng , Ping Luo , Xinjiang Wang , Liang Lin