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In this paper, we summarize the application of transformer and its streamable variant, Emformer based acoustic model for large scale speech recognition applications. We compare the transformer based acoustic models with their LSTM…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-11-02 Yongqiang Wang , Yangyang Shi , Frank Zhang , Chunyang Wu , Julian Chan , Ching-Feng Yeh , Alex Xiao

In this paper we present a Transformer-Transducer model architecture and a training technique to unify streaming and non-streaming speech recognition models into one model. The model is composed of a stack of transformer layers for audio…

Sound · Computer Science 2020-10-08 Anshuman Tripathi , Jaeyoung Kim , Qian Zhang , Han Lu , Hasim Sak

We live in a world where 60% of the population can speak two or more languages fluently. Members of these communities constantly switch between languages when having a conversation. As automatic speech recognition (ASR) systems are being…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-02-16 Siddharth Dalmia , Yuzong Liu , Srikanth Ronanki , Katrin Kirchhoff

Representation learning for text via pretraining a language model on a large corpus has become a standard starting point for building NLP systems. This approach stands in contrast to autoencoders, also trained on raw text, but with the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-09-14 Ivan Montero , Nikolaos Pappas , Noah A. Smith

The conversion from text to speech relies on the accurate mapping from linguistic to acoustic symbol sequences, for which current practice employs recurrent statistical models like recurrent neural networks. Despite the good performance of…

Sound · Computer Science 2018-11-07 Santiago Pascual , Antonio Bonafonte , Joan Serrà

This paper addresses issues in part of speech disambiguation using finite-state transducers and presents two main contributions to the field. One of them is the use of finite-state machines for part of speech tagging. Linguistic and…

cmp-lg · Computer Science 2007-05-23 Evelyne Tzoukermann , Dragomir R. Radev

Recently, fully recurrent neural network (RNN) based end-to-end models have been proven to be effective for multi-speaker speech recognition in both the single-channel and multi-channel scenarios. In this work, we explore the use of…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-02-14 Xuankai Chang , Wangyou Zhang , Yanmin Qian , Jonathan Le Roux , Shinji Watanabe

A latent-variable model is introduced for text matching, inferring sentence representations by jointly optimizing generative and discriminative objectives. To alleviate typical optimization challenges in latent-variable models for text, we…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2017-11-23 Dinghan Shen , Yizhe Zhang , Ricardo Henao , Qinliang Su , Lawrence Carin

In this work, we introduce a multi-task transformer for speech deepfake detection, capable of predicting formant trajectories and voicing patterns over time, ultimately classifying speech as real or fake, and highlighting whether its…

Sound · Computer Science 2026-01-23 Viola Negroni , Luca Cuccovillo , Paolo Bestagini , Patrick Aichroth , Stefano Tubaro

We explore neural language modeling for speech recognition where the context spans multiple sentences. Rather than encode history beyond the current sentence using a cache of words or document-level features, we focus our study on the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-11-13 Sarangarajan Parthasarathy , William Gale , Xie Chen , George Polovets , Shuangyu Chang

In this work, we introduce a simple yet efficient post-processing model for automatic speech recognition (ASR). Our model has Transformer-based encoder-decoder architecture which "translates" ASR model output into grammatically and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-10-24 Oleksii Hrinchuk , Mariya Popova , Boris Ginsburg

The paper presents a method for spoken term detection based on the Transformer architecture. We propose the encoder-encoder architecture employing two BERT-like encoders with additional modifications, including convolutional and upsampling…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-11-03 Jan Švec , Luboš Šmídl , Jan Lehečka

Transformer-based models have gained increasing popularity achieving state-of-the-art performance in many research fields including speech translation. However, Transformer's quadratic complexity with respect to the input sequence length…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-19 Sara Papi , Marco Gaido , Matteo Negri , Marco Turchi

We propose and evaluate transformer-based acoustic models (AMs) for hybrid speech recognition. Several modeling choices are discussed in this work, including various positional embedding methods and an iterated loss to enable training deep…

To join the advantages of classical and end-to-end approaches for speech recognition, we present a simple, novel and competitive approach for phoneme-based neural transducer modeling. Different alignment label topologies are compared and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-04-21 Wei Zhou , Simon Berger , Ralf Schlüter , Hermann Ney

We explore options to use Transformer networks in neural transducer for end-to-end speech recognition. Transformer networks use self-attention for sequence modeling and comes with advantages in parallel computation and capturing contexts.…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2019-10-30 Ching-Feng Yeh , Jay Mahadeokar , Kaustubh Kalgaonkar , Yongqiang Wang , Duc Le , Mahaveer Jain , Kjell Schubert , Christian Fuegen , Michael L. Seltzer

Transformers have recently achieved state-of-the-art performance in speech separation. These models, however, are computationally demanding and require a lot of learnable parameters. This paper explores Transformer-based speech separation…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-01-17 Luca Della Libera , Cem Subakan , Mirco Ravanelli , Samuele Cornell , Frédéric Lepoutre , François Grondin

We propose spoken sentence embeddings which capture both acoustic and linguistic content. While existing works operate at the character, phoneme, or word level, our method learns long-term dependencies by modeling speech at the sentence…

Sound · Computer Science 2019-02-22 Albert Haque , Michelle Guo , Prateek Verma , Li Fei-Fei

Transformer network architecture has proven effective in speech enhancement. However, as its core module, self-attention suffers from quadratic complexity, making it infeasible for training on long speech utterances. In practical scenarios,…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-06-10 Qiquan Zhang , Hongxu Zhu , Xinyuan Qian , Eliathamby Ambikairajah , Haizhou Li

Memory constraint of always-on devices is one of the major concerns when deploying speech processing models on these devices. While larger models trained with sufficiently large amount of data generally perform better, making them fit in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-01-09 Yiming Wang , Jinyu Li