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The scanning electron microscope (SEM) delivers high resolution, high depth of focus and an image quality as if microscopic objects are seen by the naked eye. This makes it not only a powerful scientific instrument, but a tool inherently…
Scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) is widely used tool for materials characterisation. However, being a scanned technique, STEM is susceptible to sample, stage or beam drift, manifesting as distortions within images or…
Space charge layers (SCLs) at grain boundaries play a crucial role in modulating local electric fields and influencing the functional properties of materials, such as oxygen vacancy migration and ionic conductivity in oxide ceramics.…
Morphology and performance are conjointed attributes of metamaterials, of which sculptured thin films (STFs) are examples. STFs are assemblies of nanowires that can be fabricated from many different materials, typically via physical vapor…
The transmission matrix (TM) is a representation to describe the light scattering process through a scattering medium. The degree of control elements in TM is correlated with the capacity of evaluating enormous equations with tremendous…
Electroactive polymer thin films undergo repeated reversible structural change during operation in electrochemical applications. While synchrotron X-ray scattering is powerful for the characterization of stand-alone and ex-situ organic thin…
Metal oxide thin-film transistors are fast becoming a ubiquitous technology for application in driving backplanes of organic light-emitting diode displays. Currently all commercial products rely on metal oxides processed via physical vapor…
Electron tomography offers important three-dimensional (3D) structural information which cannot be observed by two-dimensional imaging. By combining annular dark field scanning transmission electron microscopy (ADF-STEM) with aberration…
Heterogeneous gas and solid catalyst reactions occur at the atomic level, and understanding and controlling complex catalytic reactions at this level is crucial for the development of improved processes and materials. There are postulations…
Momentum-resolved scanning transmission electron microscopy (MRSTEM) is a powerful phase-contrast technique that can map lateral magnetic and electric fields ranging from the micrometer to the subatomic scale. Resolving fields ranging from…
We compare two transmission electron microscopy (TEM) based techniques that can provide highly spatially resolved quantitative measurements of magnetic induction fields at high sensitivity. To this end, the magnetic induction of a…
Secondary electron (SE) imaging offers a powerful complementary capabilities to conventional scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) by providing surface-sensitive, pseudo-3D topographic information. However, contrast…
Scanning Tunneling Microscopy (STM) is a cornerstone technique for visualizing the electronic density of states with atomic resolution (typically below 0.1 nm). While the field of view of most STM setups extends up to a few microns,…
Zeolites have been used in industrial applications such as catalysts, ion exchangers, and molecular sieves because of their unique porous atomic structures. However, the direct observation of zeolitic local atomic structures via electron…
Over the last two decades, Electron Energy Loss Spectroscopy (EELS) imaging with a scanning transmission electron microscope (STEM) has emerged as a technique of choice for visualizing complex chemical, electronic, plasmonic, and phononic…
Finding new collective electronic states in materials is one of the fundamental goals of condensed matter physics. Atomic-scale superlattices formed from transition metal oxides are a particularly appealing hunting ground for new physics.…
Solid-phase epitaxy (SPE) and other three-dimensional epitaxial crystallization processes pose challenging structural and chemical characterization problems. The concentration of defects, the spatial distribution of elastic strain, and the…
In recent years, epsilon-near-zero (ENZ) materials have attracted much attention due to their unique properties that can be tuned under electrical and optical signals. Furthermore, they allow for a strong enhancement of a nonlinearity close…
Thin films of transition metal oxides open up a gateway to nanoscale electronic devices beyond silicon characterized by novel electronic functionalities. While such films are commonly prepared in an oxygen atmosphere, they are typically…
The evaluation of synthetic micro-structure images is an emerging problem as machine learning and materials science research have evolved together. Typical state of the art methods in evaluating synthetic images from generative models have…