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Extracting the neutral hydrogen (HI) signal is a great challenge for cosmological 21cm experiments, both the astrophysical foregrounds and the receiver noise are typically several orders of magnitude greater than the 21cm signal. However,…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2019-06-14 Qizhi Huang , Fengquan Wu , Reza Ansari , Xuelei Chen

High-number-density tracers of large-scale structure, such as the HI-rich galaxies measured by 21 cm intensity mapping, have low sampling noise, making them particularly promising as cosmological probes. At large scales, this sampling noise…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2024-10-28 Simon Foreman , Andrej Obuljen , Marko Simonović

The precise measurement of the sky-averaged HI absorption signal between 50 and 200 MHz is the primary goal of global 21-cm cosmology. This measurement has the potential to unravel the underlying physics of cosmic structure formation and…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2024-12-04 Emma Shen , Dominic Anstey , Marta Spinelli , Eloy de Lera Acedo , Anastasia Fialkov

21-cm emission from neutral hydrogen during and before the epoch of cosmic reionisation is gravitationally lensed by material at all lower redshifts. Low-frequency radio observations of this emission can be used to reconstruct the projected…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-06-25 Stefan Hilbert , R. Benton Metcalf , S. D. M. White

We use the results of previous work building a halo model formalism for the distribution of neutral hydrogen, along with experimental parameters of future radio facilities, to place forecasts on astrophysical and cosmological parameters…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2019-03-20 Hamsa Padmanabhan , Alexandre Refregier , Adam Amara

Large inhomogeneities in neutral hydrogen in the universe can be detected at redshifts $z \leq 10$ using the redshifted 21 cm line emission. We use cosmological N-Body simulations for dark matter and a simple model for baryonic collapse to…

Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-24 J. S. Bagla , Biman Nath , T. Padmanabhan

\textsc{Hi} intensity mapping will provide maps of the large-scale distribution of neutral hydrogen (\textsc{Hi}) in the universe. These are prime candidates to be used to constrain primordial non-Gaussianity using the Large Scale Structure…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2021-12-03 José Fonseca , Michele Liguori

The 21-cm brightness-temperature field of neutral hydrogen during the Epoch of Reionization and Cosmic Dawn is a rich source of cosmological and astrophysical information, primarily due to its significant non-Gaussian features. However, the…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2024-09-12 Bohdan Bidenko , Léon V. E. Koopmans , P. Daniel Meerburg

The emission from neutral hydrogen (HI) clouds in the post-reionization era (z < 6), too faint to be individually detected, is present as a diffuse background in all low frequency radio observations below 1420 MHz. The angular and frequency…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-10-29 Somnath Bharadwaj , Shiv K. Sethi , Tarun Deep Saini

The 21 cm signal from cosmic hydrogen is one of the most propitious probes of the early Universe. The detection of this signal would reveal key information about the first stars, the nature of dark matter, and early structure formation. We…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2023-07-07 Joe H. N. Pattison , Dominic J. Anstey , Eloy de Lera Acedo

Upcoming galaxy surveys with the SKA Observatory will detect neutral hydrogen (HI) across unprecedented volumes, and their scientific return will crucially depend on predictive models for HI observables. In this work, we present a framework…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2026-02-25 Joël Mayor , Marta Spinelli , Gabriella De Lucia , Robert Yates , Alexandre Refregier , Fabio Fontanot , Lizhi Xie , Michaela Hirschmann

The distribution of 21 cm emission from neutral hydrogen is a powerful cosmological and astrophysical probe, as it traces the underlying dark matter and cold gas distributions throughout cosmic times. However, the prediction of observable…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2026-05-22 Satvik Mishra , Roberto Trotta , Matteo Viel

The large-scale structure of the Universe supplies crucial information about the physical processes at play at early times. Unresolved maps of the intensity of 21 cm emission from neutral hydrogen HI at redshifts z~1-5 are the best hope of…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2013-10-28 Stefano Camera , Mario G. Santos , Pedro G. Ferreira , Luis Ferramacho

The cosmic 21-cm line of hydrogen is expected to be measured in detail by the next generation of radio telescopes. The enormous dataset from future 21-cm surveys will revolutionize our understanding of early cosmic times. We present a…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2024-01-11 Sudipta Sikder , Rennan Barkana , Itamar Reis , Anastasia Fialkov

The Tianlai Pathfinder is designed to demonstrate the feasibility of using a wide field of view radio interferometers to map the density of neutral hydrogen in the Universe after the Epoch of Reionizaton. This approach, called 21~cm…

We present the first statistically significant detection of cosmic structure using broadly distributed hydrogen radio emission. This is accomplished using a cross correlation with optical galaxies. Statistical noise levels of $20 \mu $K are…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-13 Ue-Li Pen , Lister Staveley-Smith , Jeffrey Peterson , Tzu-Ching Chang

It is shown that 21 cm intensity mapping could be used in the near term to make cosmologically useful measurements. Large scale structure could be detected using existing radio telescopes, or using prototypes for dedicated redshift survey…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2010-10-13 Kiyoshi Wesley Masui , Patrick McDonald , Ue-Li Pen

We use high-resolution cosmological zoom-in simulations from the FIRE project to make predictions for the covering fractions of neutral hydrogen around galaxies at z=2-4. These simulations resolve the interstellar medium of galaxies and…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2015-06-22 C. -A. Faucher-Giguere , P. F. Hopkins , D. Keres , A. L. Muratov , E. Quataert , N. Murray

Upcoming 21cm surveys with the SKA1-LOW telescope will enable imaging of the neutral hydrogen distribution on cosmological scales in the early Universe. These surveys are expected to generate huge imaging datasets that will encode more…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2020-04-22 Tumelo Mangena , Sultan Hassan , Mario G. Santos

Simulating the distribution of cosmological neutral hydrogen (HI) during the epoch of reionization requires a high dynamic range and is hence computationally expensive. The size of the simulation is dictated by the largest scales one aims…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2024-10-24 Ankur Barsode , Tirthankar Roy Choudhury