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In prepare-and-measure quantum key distribution systems, careful preparation of quantum states within the transmitter device is a significant driver of both complexity and cost. Moreover, the security guarantees of such systems rest on the…

This paper presents a practical solution to the problem of limited bandwidth in Quantum Key Distribution (QKD)- secured communication through using rapidly rekeyed Internet Protocol security (IPsec) links. QKD is a cutting-edge security…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2018-01-08 Stefan Marksteiner , Benjamin Rainer , Oliver Maurhart

A Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) protocol describes how two remote parties can establish a secret key by communicating over a quantum and a public classical channel that both can be accessed by an eavesdropper. QKD protocols using…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2020-01-27 Esmaeil Karimi , Emina Soljanin , Philip Whiting

We experimentally realize a measurement-device-independent quantum key distribution (MDI-QKD) system based on cost-effective and commercially available hardware such as distributed feedback (DFB) lasers and field-programmable gate arrays…

Twin-field (TF) quantum key distribution (QKD) is highly attractive because it can beat the fundamental limit of secret key rate for point-to-point QKD without quantum repeaters. Many theoretical and experimental studies have shown the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-01-29 Xiaoqing Zhong , Wenyuan Wang , Li Qian , Hoi-Kwong Lo

Quantum key distribution (QKD) enables the establishment of secret keys between users connected via a channel vulnerable to eavesdropping, with information-theoretic security, that is, independently of the power of a malevolent party. QKD…

A feasible quantum key distribution (QKD) network scheme has been proposed with the wavelength routing. An apparatus called "quantum router", which is made up of many wavelength division multiplexers, can route the quantum signals without…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Tao Zhang , Zheng-Fu Han , Xiao-Fan Mo , Guang-Can Guo

Quantum communication technologies capable of operating reliably across heterogeneous optical channels are essential for scalable metropolitan quantum networks. Here we demonstrate high-dimensional time-bin-encoded quantum key distribution…

We propose and experimentally demonstrate a new scheme for measuring high-dimensional phase states using a two-photon interference technique, which we refer to as quantum-controlled measurement. Using this scheme, we implement a…

Quantum key distribution (QKD) permits information-theoretically secure transmission of digital encryption keys, assuming that the behaviour of the devices employed for the key exchange can be reliably modelled and predicted. Remarkably, no…

In theory, quantum key distribution (QKD) allows secure communications between two parties based on physical laws. However, most of the security proofs of QKD today make unrealistic assumptions and neglect many relevant device…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-08-06 Margarida Pereira , Marcos Curty , Kiyoshi Tamaki

We investigate the use of high-dimensional quantum key distribution (HD-QKD) in wireless access to hybrid quantum classical networks. We study the distribution of d-dimensional time-phase encoded states between an indoor wireless user and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-11-15 Osama Elmabrok , Mohsen Razavi , Tawfig Eltaif , Khaled A. Alaghbari

Practical implementations of Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) extending beyond urban areas commonly use satellite links. However, the transmission of quantum states through the Earth's atmosphere is highly susceptible to noise, restricting…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-11-20 Florian Kanitschar , Marcus Huber

Quantum key distribution (QKD) networks provide information-theoretically secure keys for distant parties, emerging as a vital alternative to classical cryptography infrastructures threatened by quantum computing. In QKD networks, the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-13 Yuxin Chen , Zite Xia , Jian Li , Kaiping Xue , Zhonghui Li , Lutong Chen , Ruidong Li

The promise of unconditional security in the Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) depends on the availability of an authenticated classical channel. However, practical implementations often overlook this requirement or rely on computational…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-04 Noureldin Mohamed , Saif Al-Kuwari

We demonstrated ultra fast BB84 quantum key distribution (QKD) transmission at 625 MHz clock rate through a 97 km field-installed fiber using practical clock synchronization based on wavelength-division multiplexing (WDM). We succeeded in…

We propose a scheme for quantum key distribution (QKD) in a passive optical network (PON) based on differential phase shift (DPS) coding. A centralized station including all expensive components serves many users, making it suitable for a…

Quantum key distribution (QKD) with deterministic single photon sources has been demonstrated over intercity fiber and free-space channels. The previous implementations relied mainly on polarization encoding schemes, which are susceptible…

Quantum key distribution (QKD) can secure cryptographic communication between two distant users, as guaranteed by the laws of quantum mechanics rather than computational assumptions. The twin-field scheme, which employs counter-propagated…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-03-14 Venkat Abhignan , R. Srikanth

Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) is an innovative quantum communications protocol which exploits the laws of quantum mechanics to generate unconditionally secure cryptographic keying material between two geographically separated parties. The…

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