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The tree-based ensembles are known for their outstanding performance in classification and regression problems characterized by feature vectors represented by mixed-type variables from various ranges and domains. However, considering…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-16 Patryk Wielopolski , Maciej Zięba

Random forests are a machine learning method used to automatically classify datasets and consist of a multitude of decision trees. While these random forests often have higher performance and generalize better than a single decision tree,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-31 Max Sondag , Christofer Meinecke , Dennis Collaris , Tatiana von Landesberger , Stef van den Elzen

Probability estimation is one of the fundamental tasks in statistics and machine learning. However, standard methods for probability estimation on discrete objects do not handle object structure in a satisfactory manner. In this paper, we…

Applications · Statistics 2018-11-06 Cheng Zhang , Frederick A. Matsen

We propose Partition Tree, a novel tree-based framework for conditional density estimation over general outcome spaces that supports both continuous and categorical variables within a unified formulation. Our approach models conditional…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-13 Felipe Angelim , Alessandro Leite

Generalized linear and additive models are very efficient regression tools but the selection of relevant terms becomes difficult if higher order interactions are needed. In contrast, tree-based methods also known as recursive partitioning…

Methodology · Statistics 2015-04-21 Gerhard Tutz , Moritz Berger

A random forest is a popular tool for estimating probabilities in machine learning classification tasks. However, the means by which this is accomplished is unprincipled: one simply counts the fraction of trees in a forest that vote for a…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2018-12-17 Matthew A. Olson , Abraham J. Wyner

Assume we are given a set of items from a general metric space, but we neither have access to the representation of the data nor to the distances between data points. Instead, suppose that we can actively choose a triplet of items (A,B,C)…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2018-06-19 Siavash Haghiri , Damien Garreau , Ulrike von Luxburg

One way of defining probability distributions for circular variables (directions in two dimensions) is to radially project probability distributions, originally defined on $\mathbb{R}^2$, to the unit circle. Projected distributions have…

Methodology · Statistics 2020-11-06 Luis Nieto-Barajas , Gabriel Nuñez-Antonio

Given an ensemble of randomized regression trees, it is possible to restructure them as a collection of multilayered neural networks with particular connection weights. Following this principle, we reformulate the random forest method of…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2018-04-04 Gérard Biau , Erwan Scornet , Johannes Welbl

Connected acyclic graphs (trees) are data objects that hierarchically organize categories. Collections of trees arise in a diverse variety of fields, including evolutionary biology, public health, machine learning, social sciences and…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-12-01 Maria Alejandra Valdez Cabrera , Amy D Willis , Armeen Taeb

Standard supervised learning procedures are validated against a test set that is assumed to have come from the same distribution as the training data. However, in many problems, the test data may have come from a different distribution. We…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2019-08-28 Tim Coleman , Kimberly Kaufeld , Mary Frances Dorn , Lucas Mentch

Decision trees are widely used for classification and regression tasks in a variety of application fields due to their interpretability and good accuracy. During the past decade, growing attention has been devoted to globally optimized…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-28 Antonio Consolo , Edoardo Amaldi , Andrea Manno

Model trees provide an appealing way to perform interpretable machine learning for both classification and regression problems. In contrast to ``classic'' decision trees with constant values in their leaves, model trees can use linear…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-11 Sabino Francesco Roselli , Eibe Frank

When using machine learning for imbalanced binary classification problems, it is common to subsample the majority class to create a (more) balanced training dataset. This biases the model's predictions because the model learns from data…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-03 Nathan Phelps , Daniel J. Lizotte , Douglas G. Woolford

Since their introduction by Breiman, Random Forests (RFs) have proven to be useful for both classification and regression tasks. The RF prediction of a previously unseen observation can be represented as a weighted sum of all training…

Applications · Statistics 2025-08-21 Nils Koster , Fabian Krüger

Random forests construct each tree with a different, randomised representation of the feature space. Their uniform voting cannot correct errors in regions where trees with incorrect representations probabilistically outnumber correct ones,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-28 Youngjoon Park

The need for regression models to predict circular values arises in many scientific fields. In this work we explore a family of expressive and interpretable distributions over circle-valued random functions related to Gaussian processes…

We introduce a novel interpretable tree based algorithm for prediction in a regression setting. Our motivation is to estimate the unknown regression function from a functional decomposition perspective in which the functional components…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2023-08-04 Munir Hiabu , Enno Mammen , Joseph T. Meyer

We develop a theoretical framework for the analysis of oblique decision trees, where the splits at each decision node occur at linear combinations of the covariates (as opposed to conventional tree constructions that force axis-aligned…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2023-09-01 Matias D. Cattaneo , Rajita Chandak , Jason M. Klusowski

Few problems in statistics are as perplexing as variable selection in the presence of very many redundant covariates. The variable selection problem is most familiar in parametric environments such as the linear model or additive variants…

Methodology · Statistics 2021-02-25 Yi Liu , Veronika Ročková , Yuexi Wang