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In order to improve forecasts, a decisionmaker often combines probabilities given by various sources, such as human experts and machine learning classifiers. When few training data are available, aggregation can be improved by incorporating…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2012-07-19 Joseph Kahn

Crowdsourcing enables the solicitation of forecasts on a variety of prediction tasks from distributed groups of people. How to aggregate the solicited forecasts, which may vary in quality, into an accurate final prediction remains a…

Methodology · Statistics 2022-03-31 Juntao Wang , Yang Liu , Yiling Chen

We study the problem of robust forecast aggregation: combining expert forecasts with provable accuracy guarantees compared to the best possible aggregation of the underlying information. Prior work shows strong impossibility results, e.g.…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2025-12-08 Rafael Frongillo , Mary Monroe , Eric Neyman , Bo Waggoner

The problem of combining individual forecasters to produce a forecaster with improved performance is considered. The connections between probability elicitation and classification are used to pose the combining forecaster problem as that of…

Methodology · Statistics 2017-07-11 Hamed Masnadi-Shirazi

Forecast combinations have flourished remarkably in the forecasting community and, in recent years, have become part of the mainstream of forecasting research and activities. Combining multiple forecasts produced from single (target) series…

Methodology · Statistics 2022-09-26 Xiaoqian Wang , Rob J Hyndman , Feng Li , Yanfei Kang

Forecast combination -- the aggregation of individual forecasts from multiple experts or models -- is a proven approach to economic forecasting. To date, research on economic forecasting has concentrated on local combination methods, which…

Econometrics · Economics 2024-03-12 Ryan Thompson , Yilin Qian , Andrey L. Vasnev

The importance of accurately quantifying forecast uncertainty has motivated much recent research on probabilistic forecasting. In particular, a variety of deep learning approaches has been proposed, with forecast distributions obtained as…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-11-11 Benedikt Schulz , Lutz Köhler , Sebastian Lerch

In a crowd forecasting system, aggregation is an algorithm that returns aggregated probabilities for each question based on the probabilities provided per question by each individual in the crowd. Various aggregation methods have been…

Applications · Statistics 2022-03-18 Yuzhong Huang , Andres Abeliuk , Fred Morstatter , Pavel Atanasov , Aram Galstyan

Probability forecasting is common in the geosciences, the finance sector, and elsewhere. It is sometimes the case that one has multiple probability-forecasts for the same target. How is the information in these multiple forecast systems…

Methodology · Statistics 2016-03-02 Sarah Higgins , Hailiang Du , Leonard A. Smith

Bayesian experts who are exposed to different evidence often make contradictory probabilistic forecasts. An aggregator, ignorant of the underlying model, uses this to calculate her own forecast. We use the notions of scoring rules and…

Economics · Quantitative Finance 2018-02-13 Itai Areili , Yakov Babichenko , Rann Smorodinsky

The problem of aggregating expert forecasts is ubiquitous in fields as wide-ranging as machine learning, economics, climate science, and national security. Despite this, our theoretical understanding of this question is fairly shallow. This…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2022-02-24 Eric Neyman , Tim Roughgarden

We consider the forecast aggregation problem in repeated settings, where the forecasts are done on a binary event. At each period multiple experts provide forecasts about an event. The goal of the aggregator is to aggregate those forecasts…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-02-21 Yakov Babichenko , Dan Garber

Expert estimation of objects takes place when there are no benchmark values of object weights, but these weights still have to be defined. That is why it is problematic to define the efficiency of expert estimation methods. We propose to…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2019-11-13 Sergii Kadenko , Vitaliy Tsyganok

This paper studies how communication across experts prior to aggregation by a decision-maker affects the efficiency of forecast combination. When experts exchange information before reporting their forecasts, their signals become correlated…

Theoretical Economics · Economics 2026-04-29 Marcos R. Fernandes

A general challenge in statistics is prediction in the presence of multiple candidate models or learning algorithms. Model aggregation tries to combine all predictive distributions from individual models, which is more stable and flexible…

Methodology · Statistics 2021-09-28 Yuling Yao

Predictive distributions need to be aggregated when probabilistic forecasts are merged, or when expert opinions expressed in terms of probability distributions are fused. We take a prediction space approach that applies to discrete, mixed…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2011-06-09 Tilmann Gneiting , Roopesh Ranjan

Many Numerical Weather Prediction (NWP) models and their associated Model Output Statistics (MOS) are available. Combining all of these predictions in an optimal way is however not straightforward. This can be achieved thanks to Expert…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-06-19 Léo Pfitzner , Olivier Wintenberger , Olivier Mestre , Marion Riverain

We introduce a new protocol for prediction with expert advice in which each expert evaluates the learner's and his own performance using a loss function that may change over time and may be different from the loss functions used by the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2009-03-23 Alexey Chernov , Vladimir Vovk

Even though the forecasting literature agrees that aggregating multiple predictions of some future outcome typically outperforms the individual predictions, there is no general consensus about the right way to do this. Most common…

Methodology · Statistics 2018-01-24 Ville A. Satopää

In order to scale standard Gaussian process (GP) regression to large-scale datasets, aggregation models employ factorized training process and then combine predictions from distributed experts. The state-of-the-art aggregation models,…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2018-06-05 Haitao Liu , Jianfei Cai , Yi Wang , Yew-Soon Ong
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