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Realizing topological superconductivity and Majorana zero modes in the laboratory is one of the major goals in condensed matter physics. We review the current status of this rapidly-developing field, focusing on semiconductor-superconductor…

Superconductivity · Physics 2018-05-11 R. M. Lutchyn , E. P. A. M. Bakkers , L. P. Kouwenhoven , P. Krogstrup , C. M. Marcus , Y. Oreg

Majorana zero modes are localized quasiparticles that obey non-Abelian exchange statistics. Braiding Majorana zero modes forms the basis of topologically protected quantum operations which could in principle significantly reduce qubit…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2019-11-14 Hao Zhang , Dong E. Liu , Michael Wimmer , Leo P. Kouwenhoven

Topological quantum computation using non-Abelian Majorana zero modes localized in proximitized semiconductor nanowires requires careful electrostatic control of wire-junctions so as to manipulate and braid the zero modes enabling anyonic…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2018-01-16 Tudor D. Stanescu , Sankar Das Sarma

As the condensed matter analog of Majorana fermion, the Majorana zero-mode is well known as a building block of fault-tolerant topological quantum computing. This review focuses on the recent progress of Majorana experiments, especially…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2024-03-21 Ji-Bang Fu , Bin Li , Xin-Fang Zhang , Guang-Zheng Yu , Guang-Yao Huang , Ming-Tang Deng

Over the last decade, there have been considerable efforts to observe non-abelian quasi-particles in novel quantum materials and devices. These efforts are motivated by the goals of demonstrating quantum statistics of quasi-particles beyond…

Superconductivity · Physics 2023-06-26 Ali Yazdani , Felix von Oppen , Bertrand I. Halperin , Amir Yacoby

The exploration of topological superconductivity and Majorana zero modes has become a rapidly developing field. Many types of proposals to realize topological superconductors have been presented, and significant advances have been recently…

Superconductivity · Physics 2019-07-11 Yupeng Li , Zhu-An Xu

Spin-orbit coupled semiconducting nanowires with proximity-induced superconductivity are expected to host Majorana zero modes at their endpoints when a sufficiently strong magnetic field is applied. The resulting phase would be a…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2017-11-22 David J. Clarke

Among the major approaches that are being pursued for realizing quantum bits, the Majorana-based platform has been the most recent to be launched. It attempts to realize qubits which store quantum information in a topologically-protected…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2021-03-10 Karsten Flensberg , Felix von Oppen , Ady Stern

Following the demonstration of semiconductor-based Josephson junctions which are fully tuneable by electrical means, new routes have been opened for the study of hybrid semiconductor-superconductor qubits. These include semiconductor-based…

Superconductivity · Physics 2020-12-15 Ramón Aguado

Topological superconductors can host Majorana quasiparticles which supersede the fermion/boson dichotomy and offer a pathway to fault tolerant quantum computation. In one-dimensional systems zero-energy Majorana states are bound to the ends…

Recent experiments have produced mounting evidence of Majorana zero modes in nanowire-superconductor hybrids. Signatures of an expected topological phase transition accompanying the onset of these modes nevertheless remain elusive. We…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2016-06-13 Ryan V. Mishmash , David Aasen , Andrew P. Higginbotham , Jason Alicea

We consider a new model system supporting Majorana zero modes based on semiconductor nanowires with a full superconducting shell. We demonstrate that, in the presence of spin-orbit coupling in the semiconductor induced by a radial electric…

We provide a current perspective on the rapidly developing field of Majorana zero modes in solid state systems. We emphasize the theoretical prediction, experimental realization, and potential use of Majorana zero modes in future…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2015-11-09 Sankar Das Sarma , Michael Freedman , Chetan Nayak

We show that the topological Majorana modes in nanowires much longer than the superconducting coherence length are adiabatically connected with discrete zero-energy states generically occurring in short nanowires. We demonstrate that these…

Superconductivity · Physics 2013-03-27 Tudor D. Stanescu , Roman M. Lutchyn , S. Das Sarma

Majorana zero modes (MZMs) are exotic excitations (in condensed matter systems) that have potential applications in topological quantum computation. Though MZMs have been predicted on many platforms, their existence of them is still under…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2023-04-14 Zhan Cao , Shumeng Chen , Gu Zhang , Dong E. Liu

We consider a simple conceptual question with respect to Majorana zero modes in semiconductor nanowires: Can the measured non-ideal values of the zero-bias-conductance-peak in the tunneling experiments be used as a characteristic to predict…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2016-07-22 S. Das Sarma , Amit Nag , Jay D. Sau

After a recent series of rapid and exciting developments, the long search for the Majorana fermion - the elusive quantum entity at the border between particles and antiparticles - has produced the first positive experimental results, but is…

Superconductivity · Physics 2013-05-14 Tudor D. Stanescu , Sumanta Tewari

Developing a gate-tunable, scalable, and topologically-protectable supercurrent qubit and integrating it into a quantum circuit are crucial for applications in the fields of quantum information technology and topological phenomena. Here we…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2019-05-06 Hong-Seok Kim , Yong-Joo Doh

Majorana zero modes are expected to arise in semiconductor-superconductor hybrid systems, with potential topological quantum computing applications. One limitation of this approach is the need for a relatively high external magnetic field…

Semiconductor nanowires have opened new research avenues in quantum transport owing to their confined geometry and electrostatic tunability. They have offered an exceptional testbed for superconductivity, leading to the realization of…

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