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Graphene nanoribbons are semiconductor nanostructures with great potentials in nanoelectronics. Their realization particularly with small lateral dimensions below a few nanometers, however, remains challenging. Here we theoretically analyze…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2015-05-14 Valentina Tozzini , Vittorio Pellegrini

Since its discovery in 2004, graphene, a two-dimensional hexagonal carbon allotrope, has generated great interest and spurred research activity from materials science to particle physics and vice versa. In particular, graphene has been…

High Energy Physics - Lattice · Physics 2010-11-03 Joaquín E. Drut , Timo A. Lähde , Eero Tölö

Graphene, a one-atom thick zero gap semiconductor [1, 2], has been attracting an increasing interest due to its remarkable physical properties ranging from an electron spectrum resembling relativistic dynamics [3-12] to ballistic transport…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2011-11-09 T. O. Wehling , K. S. Novoselov , S. V. Morozov , E. E. Vdovin , M. I. Katsnelson , A. K. Geim , A. I. Lichtenstein

First-principles calculations on monolayer 8-{\it Pmmn} borophene are reported to reveal unprecedented electronic properties in a two-dimensional material. Based on a Born effective charge analysis, 8-{\it Pmmn} borophene is the first…

Materials Science · Physics 2016-08-18 Alejandro Lopez-Bezanilla , Peter B. Littlewood

Two-dimensional (2D) carbon-based materials have attracted considerable interest due to their diverse structural and electronic properties, making them ideal for next-generation flat electronics. Among these materials, metallic-like porous…

Two-dimensional (2D) Dirac states and Dirac points with linear dispersion are the hallmark of graphene, topological insulators, semimetals, and superconductors. Lowering a symmetry by the ferroelectric polarization opens the gap in Dirac…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2025-07-03 Konstantin S. Denisov , Yuntian Liu , Igor Žutić

Graphene is the first example of truly two-dimensional crystals - it's just one layer of carbon atoms. It turns out to be a gapless semiconductor with unique electronic properties resulting from the fact that charge carriers in graphene…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2011-11-09 M. I. Katsnelson , K. S. Novoselov

The remarkable properties of graphene stem from its two-dimensional (2D) structure, with a linear dispersion of the electronic states at the corners of the Brillouin zone (BZ) forming a Dirac cone. Since then, other 2D materials have been…

Materials Science · Physics 2018-11-06 S. Sadeddine , H. Enriquez , A. Bendounan , P. Das , I. Vobornik , A. Kara , A. Mayne , F. Sirotti , G. Dujardin , H. Oughaddou

This article reviews the basic theoretical aspects of graphene, a one atom thick allotrope of carbon, with unusual two-dimensional Dirac-like electronic excitations. The Dirac electrons can be controlled by application of external electric…

Other Condensed Matter · Physics 2009-01-15 A. H. Castro Neto , F. Guinea , N. M. R. Peres , K. S. Novoselov , A. K. Geim

Sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) have attracted a great deal of attention as potential low-cost energy storage alternatives to Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) due to the intrinsic safety and great abundance of sodium on Earth. For developing…

Materials Science · Physics 2020-09-01 Yang Zhang , Er-Hu Zhang , Ming-Gang Xia , Sheng-Li Zhang

The quest for efficient and scalable thermoelectric materials has catalyzed intense interest in quasi 1D nanoribbons, where reduced dimensionality and structural tunability can decouple key transport parameters to enhance energy conversion.…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2025-07-18 Kalpana Panneerselvam , Swastik Sahoo , Bhaskaran Muralidharan

This review explores the synthesis, characterization, and potential applications of graphene, a two-dimensional material with exceptional properties. Graphene's versatility in energy and electronics applications is highlighted, with its…

The structural similarity between hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) and graphene nanoribbons allows for the formation of heterojunctions with small chain stress. The combination of the insulation nature of the former and the quasi-metallic…

Searching for new states of matter and unusual quasiparticles in emerging materials and especially low-dimensional systems is one of the major trends in contemporary condensed matter physics. Dirac materials, which host quasiparticles which…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2017-10-13 C. A. Downing , M. E. Portnoi

Hydrogen, a simple and magic element, has attracted increasing attention for its effective incorporation within solids and powerful manipulation of electronic states. Here, we show that hydrogenation tackles common problems in…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2023-02-10 Botao Fu , Run-Wu Zhang , Xiaotong Fan , Si Li , Da-Shuai Ma , Cheng-Cheng Liu

Graphene, a two dimensional (2D) carbon sheet, acquires many of its amazing properties from the Dirac point nature of its electronic structures with negligible spin-orbit coupling. Extending to 3D space, graphene networks with negative…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2015-07-09 Hongming Weng , Yunye Liang , Qiunan Xu , Rui Yu , Zhong Fang , Xi Dai , Yoshiyuki Kawazoe

We simulate the electronic and transport properties of metal/two-dimensional material/metal vertical heterostructures, with a focus on graphene, hexagonal boron nitride and two phases of molybdenum diselenide. Using density functional…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2025-02-06 Gaëlle Bigeard , Zineb Kerrami , François Triozon , Alessandro Cresti

The low energy excitations of graphene can be described by a massless Dirac equation in two spacial dimensions. Curved graphene is proposed to be described by coupling the Dirac equation to the corresponding curved space. This covariant…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2009-11-13 Maria A. H. Vozmediano , Fernando de Juan , Alberto Cortijo

The past decade has witnessed numerous discoveries of two-dimensional (2D) semimetals and insulators, whereas 2D metals are rarely identified. Borophene, a monolayer boron sheet, has recently emerged as a perfect 2D metal with unique…

Materials Science · Physics 2020-09-21 Chao Lian , Shi-Qi Hu , Jin Zhang , Cai Cheng , Zhe Yuan , Shiwu Gao , Sheng Meng

In the last three decades, zero-dimensional, one-dimensional, and two-dimensional carbon nanomaterials (i.e., fullerenes, carbon nanotubes, and graphene, respectively) have attracted significant attention from the scientific community due…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2014-02-04 Deep Jariwala , Vinod K. Sangwan , Lincoln J. Lauhon , Tobin J. Marks , Mark C. Hersam