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First, we show how the quantum circuits for generating and measuring multi-party entanglement of qubits can be translated to continuous quantum variables. We derive sufficient inseparability criteria for $N$-party continuous-variable states…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Peter van Loock , Samuel L. Braunstein

Quantum computing promises to exploit the laws of quantum mechanics for processing information in ways fundamentally different from today's classical computers, leading to unprecedented efficiency. One-way quantum computation, sometimes…

Superposed coherent states are central to quantum technologies, yet their reliable identification remains a challenge, especially in noisy or resource-constrained settings. We introduce a novel, directly measurable criterion for detecting…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-27 Šimon Bräuer , Jan Provazník , Vojtěch Kala , Petr Marek

Schr\"odinger cat states, quantum superpositions of macroscopically distinct classical states, are an important resource for quantum communication, quantum metrology and quantum computation. Especially, cat states in a phase space protected…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-08-29 X. L. He , Yong Lu , D. Q. Bao , Hang Xue , W. B. Jiang , Zhen Wang , A. F. Roudsari , Per Delsing , J. S. Tsai , Z. R. Lin

We consider the deterministic generation of entangled multi-qubit states by the sequential coupling of an ancillary system to initially uncorrelated qubits. We characterize all achievable states in terms of classes of matrix product states…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-11 C. Schoen , E. Solano , F. Verstraete , J. I. Cirac , M. M. Wolf

In this paper, we are interested in detecting the presence of a nearby phase-sensitive object, where traveling light works out under a low-photon loss rate. Here we investigate the optimal quantum phase estimation with generalized…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-07-30 Seung-Woo Lee , Su-Yong Lee , Jaewan Kim

We study a qubit-oscillator system, with a time-dependent coupling coefficient, and present a scheme for generating entangled Schr\"odinger-cat states with large mean photon numbers and also a scheme that protects the cat states against…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-01-23 Z. Xiao , T. Fuse , S. Ashhab , F. Yoshihara , K. Semba , M. Sasaki , M. Takeoka , J. P. Dowling

Reliable quantum computation requires fault-tolerant protocols to prevent errors from propagating during syndrome extraction in quantum error correction. We present a novel fault-tolerant syndrome extraction technique for CSS codes, which…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-21 Diego Forlivesi , Lorenzo Valentini , Marco Chiani

Measurement-based quantum computation relies on single qubit measurements of large multipartite entangled states, so-called lattice-graph or cluster states. Graph states are also an important resource for quantum communication, where tree…

Fusion-based quantum computing with dual-rail qubits is a leading candidate for scalable quantum computing using linear optics. This paradigm requires single photons which are entangled into small resource states before being fed into a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-02-10 Margaret Pavlovich , Peter Rakich , Shruti Puri

We propose a linear optical quantum computation scheme using time-frequency degree of freedom. In this scheme, a qubit is encoded in single-photon frequency combs, and manipulation of the qubits is performed using time-resolving detectors,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-06-13 Tomohiro Yamazaki , Tomoaki Arizono , Toshiki Kobayashi , Rikizo Ikuta , Takashi Yamamoto

Quantum error-correcting codes are constructed that embed a finite-dimensional code space in the infinite-dimensional Hilbert space of a system described by continuous quantum variables. These codes exploit the noncommutative geometry of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2008-12-18 Daniel Gottesman , Alexei Kitaev , John Preskill

We propose a linear-optical scheme that allows encoding grid-state quantum bits (qubits) into a bosonic mode using cat state and post-selection as sources of non-Gaussianity in the encoding. As a linear-optical realization of the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-02-18 Jun-Yi Wu , Shin-Tza Wu

The novel quantum effects induced by the free-electron-photons interaction have attracted increasing interest due to their potential applications in ultrafast quantum information processing. Here, we propose a scheme to generate optical cat…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-07-21 Feng-Xiao Sun , Yiqi Fang , Qiongyi He , Yunquan Liu

Hybrid bosonic codes combining bosonic codes with photon states offer a promising pathway for fault-tolerant quantum computation. However, the efficient generation of such states in optical setups remains technically challenging due to the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-23 Shohei Kiryu , Yohji Chin , Masahiro Takeoka , Kosuke Fukui

Continuous-variable cat codes are encodings into a single photonic or phononic mode that offer a promising avenue for hardware-efficient fault-tolerant quantum computation. Protecting information in a cat code requires measuring the mode's…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-11-12 Yijia Xu , Yixu Wang , Christophe Vuillot , Victor V. Albert

The controlled generation and the protection of entanglement is key to quantum simulation and quantum computation. At the single-mode level, protocols based on photonic cat states hold strong promise as they present unprecedentedly…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-04-03 José Lebreuilly , Camille Aron , Christophe Mora

A recursive method for producing path-entangled states of light is presented. These states may find applications in quantum lithography and high-precision interferometric measurements. The required resources are single-photon sources,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 N. J. Cerf , J. Fiurasek , S. Iblisdir , S. Massar

The ability to prepare a macroscopic mechanical resonator into a quantum superposition state is an outstanding goal of cavity optomechanics. Here, we propose a technique to generate cat states of motion using the intrinsic nonlinearity of a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-06-07 Bradley D Hauer , Joshua Combes , John D. Teufel

This topical review introduces the theoretical and experimental advances in continuous-variable (CV) --- i.e., qumode-based in lieu of qubit-based --- large-scale, fault-tolerant quantum computing and quantum simulation. An introduction to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-01-08 Olivier Pfister