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A significant source of noise for Imaging Atmospheric Cherenkov Telescopes (IACTs), which are designed to measure air showers caused by astrophysical gamma rays, is optical light emitted from the night sky. This Night Sky Background (NSB)…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2025-06-30 Gerrit Roellinghoff , Samuel T. Spencer , Stefan Funk

Understanding the sources, acceleration mechanisms, and propagation of cosmic rays is an active area of research in astro-particle physics. Measuring the spectrum and elemental composition of cosmic rays on earth can help solve this…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2015-08-20 Henrike Fleischhack

The Cherenkov Telescope Array Observatory (CTAO) is the next-generation ground-based observatory for very-high-energy (VHE) gamma-ray astronomy. The Large-Sized Telescope prototype, LST-1, located on the Canary Island of La Palma, is…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2025-09-30 Bastien Lacave , Tjark Miener , Alexander Cerviño

The purpose of this paper is to review the most popular deep learning methods used to analyze astroparticle data obtained with Imaging Atmospheric Cherenkov Telescopes and provide references to the original papers.

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2025-03-26 A. P. Kryukov , A. P. Demichev , V. A. Ilyin

A dramatic progress in the field of computer vision has been made in recent years by applying deep learning techniques. State-of-the-art performance in image recognition is thereby reached with Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs). CNNs are…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2019-03-07 Tim Lukas Holch , Idan Shilon , Matthias Büchele , Tobias Fischer , Stefan Funk , Nils Groeger , David Jankowsky , Thomas Lohse , Ullrich Schwanke , Philipp Wagner

The Cherenkov Telescope Array (CTA) is the future observatory for ground-based imaging atmospheric Cherenkov telescopes. Each telescope will provide a snapshot of gamma-ray induced particle showers by capturing the induced Cherenkov…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2023-02-24 J. Aschersleben , M. Vecchi , M. H. F. Wilkinson , R. F. Peletier

The CTAO (Cherenkov Telescope Array Observatory) is an international observatory currently under construction. With more than sixty telescopes, it will eventually be the largest and most sensitive ground-based gamma-ray observatory. CTAO…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2025-02-12 Hana Ali Messaoud , Thomas Vuillaume , Tom François

We introduce a new simulation and analysis paradigm for Imaging Atmospheric Cherenkov Telescope (IACT) arrays, simulating the actual observation conditions as well as individual telescope configuration for each observation unit. Compared to…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2020-07-29 M. Holler , J. -P. Lenain , M. de Naurois , R. Rauth , D. A. Sanchez

Atmospheric monitoring is an integral part of the design of the Cherenkov Telescope Array (CTA), as atmospheric conditions affect the observations by Imaging Atmospheric Cherenkov Telescopes (IACT) in multiple ways. The variable optical…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2018-01-22 Jan Ebr , Tomasz Bulik , Lluis Font , Markus Gaug , Petr Janecek , Jakub Jurysek , Dusan Mandat , Stanislav Stefanik , Laura Valore , George Vasileiadis

We suggest a new approach to study the cosmis ray (CR) mass composition in the energy region from 30 TeV/nucleus up to the "knee" region, i.e. up to a few PeV/nucleus, using an array of imaging atmospheric Cherenkov telescopes (IACTs) of a…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-07 F. A. Aharonian , V. V. Bugayov , J. Kettler , A. V. Plyasheshnikov , H. J. Voelk

The Cherenkov Telescope Array (CTA) will be the next generation observatory employing different types of Cherenkov telescopes for the detection of particle showers initiated by very-high-energy gamma rays. A good knowledge of the Earth's…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2018-01-22 Stanislav Stefanik , Raquel de los Reyes , Dalibor Nosek

The imaging Cherenkov telescopes TAIGA-IACT, located in the Tunka valley of the republic Buryatia, accumulate a lot of data in a short period of time which must be efficiently and quickly analyzed. One of the methods of such analysis is the…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2021-12-21 Elizaveta Gres , and Alexander Kryukov

Large Array of imaging atmospheric Cherenkov Telescope (LACT) is an array of 32 Cherenkov telescopes with 6-meter diameter mirrors to be constructed at the LHAASO site, aiming to enhance our understanding of ultra-high energy gamma ray…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2025-09-26 Zhipeng Zhang , Ruizhi Yang , Shoushan Zhang

The development of Imaging Atmospheric Cherenkov Telescopes (IACTs) unveiled the sky in the teraelectronvolt regime, initiating the so-called "TeV revolution", at the beginning of the new millennium. This revolution was also facilitated by…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2022-02-10 Giacomo D'Amico

We present simulations of a large array of imaging atmospheric Cherenkov telescopes (IACTs), for which the size of the array footprint is much larger than the size of the Cherenkov lightpool. To evaluate limitations of the imaging…

Astrophysics · Physics 2007-08-22 S. J. Fegan , V. V. Vassiliev

For the analysis of data taken by Imaging Air Cherenkov Telescopes (IACTs), a large number of air shower simulations are needed to derive the instrument response. The simulations are very complex, involving computational and…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2024-04-12 Christian Elflein , Stefan Funk , Jonas Glombitza

Ground-based gamma-ray astronomy aims at reconstructing the energy and direction of gamma rays from the extensive air showers they initiate in the atmosphere. Imaging Atmospheric Cherenkov Telescopes (IACT) collect the Cherenkov light…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2022-09-21 Gabriel Emery , Cyril Alispach , Mykhailo Dalchenko , Luca Foffano , Matthieu Heller , Teresa Montaruli

Imaging atmospheric Cherenkov telescopes (IACTs) are sensitive to rare gamma-ray photons, buried in the background of charged cosmic-ray (CR) particles, the flux of which is several orders of magnitude greater. The ability to separate gamma…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2017-06-14 Qi Feng , Tony T. Y. Lin

We estimate the limiting angular resolution and detection area for an array of 3 large-aperture Imaging Atmospheric Cherenkov Telescopes. We consider an idealized IACT system in order to understand the limitations imposed by the intrinsic…

Astrophysics · Physics 2007-10-02 V. V. Bugaev , J. H. Buckley , H. Krawczynski