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We propose an adaptive environment (CABINET) to support caselaw analysis (identifying key argument elements) based on a novel cognitive computing framework that carefully matches various machine learning (ML) capabilities to the proficiency…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-10-26 Hannes Westermann , Jaromir Savelka , Vern R. Walker , Kevin D. Ashley , Karim Benyekhlef

For management, documents are categorized into a specific category, and to do these, most of the organizations use manual labor. In today's automation era, manual efforts on such a task are not justified, and to avoid this, we have so many…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-04-20 Ritu Yadav

Understanding a Reinforcement Learning (RL) policy is crucial for ensuring that autonomous agents behave according to human expectations. This goal can be achieved using Explainable Reinforcement Learning (XRL) techniques. Although textual…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-07 Ahmad Terra , Mohit Ahmed , Rafia Inam , Elena Fersman , Martin Törngren

This article discusses the evolving role of artificial intelligence (AI) in the legal profession, focusing on its potential to streamline tasks such as document review, research, and contract drafting. However, challenges persist,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-03-06 Sidra Nasir , Qamar Abbas , Samita Bai , Rizwan Ahmed Khan

Traditional supervised learning makes the closed-world assumption that the classes appeared in the test data must have appeared in training. This also applies to text learning or text classification. As learning is used increasingly in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2017-09-27 Lei Shu , Hu Xu , Bing Liu

In AI and law, systems that are designed for decision support should be explainable when pursuing justice. In order for these systems to be fair and responsible, they should make correct decisions and make them using a sound and transparent…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-05-17 Cor Steging , Silja Renooij , Bart Verheij

Semantic text matching is a critical problem in information retrieval. Recently, deep learning techniques have been widely used in this area and obtained significant performance improvements. However, most models are black boxes and it is…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2021-08-17 Lijuan Chen , Yanyan Lan , Liang Pang , Jiafeng Guo , Xueqi Cheng

Unstructured text from legal, medical, and administrative sources offers a rich but underutilized resource for research in public health and the social sciences. However, large-scale analysis is hampered by two key challenges: the presence…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-16 Anders Ledberg , Anna Thalén

Though technology assisted review in electronic discovery has been focusing on text data, the need of advanced analytics to facilitate reviewing multimedia content is on the rise. In this paper, we present several applications of deep…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-12-30 Nathaniel Huber-Fliflet , Fusheng Wei , Haozhen Zhao , Han Qin , Shi Ye , Amy Tsang

The term legal research generally refers to the process of identifying and retrieving appropriate information necessary to support legal decision making from past case records. At present, the process is mostly manual, but some traditional…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2012-11-09 Mohamed Firdhous

With the recent advances of deep learning techniques, there are rapidly growing interests in applying machine learning to log data. As a fundamental part of log analytics, accurate log parsing that transforms raw logs to structured events…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2022-02-16 Lei Yu , Tian Wu , Jiaqi Li , Patrick Chan , Hong Min , Fanjing Meng

Legal reasoning requires both precise interpretation of statutory language and consistent application of complex rules, presenting significant challenges for AI systems. This paper introduces a modular multi-agent framework that decomposes…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-11 Albert Sadowski , Jarosław A. Chudziak

Text simplification reduces the language complexity of professional content for accessibility purposes. End-to-end neural network models have been widely adopted to directly generate the simplified version of input text, usually functioning…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-07-08 Cristina Garbacea , Mengtian Guo , Samuel Carton , Qiaozhu Mei

The financial industry faces a significant challenge modeling and risk portfolios: balancing the predictability of advanced machine learning models, neural network models, and explainability required by regulatory entities (such as Office…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-10 Rongbin Ye , Jiaqi Chen

Assessing risk for voluminous legal documents such as request for proposal; contracts is tedious and error prone. We have developed "risk-o-meter", a framework, based on machine learning and natural language processing to review and assess…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-12-04 Dipankar Chakrabarti , Neelam Patodia , Udayan Bhattacharya , Indranil Mitra , Satyaki Roy , Jayanta Mandi , Nandini Roy , Prasun Nandy

The amount of data for processing and categorization grows at an ever increasing rate. At the same time the demand for collaboration and transparency in organizations, government and businesses, drives the release of data from internal…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-08-26 Jan Neerbek

Event extraction, the technology that aims to automatically get the structural information from documents, has attracted more and more attention in many fields. Most existing works discuss this issue with the token-level multi-label…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-01-11 Zhuo Xu , Yue Wang , Lu Bai , Lixin Cui

Extracting information from unstructured text documents is a demanding task, since these documents can have a broad variety of different layouts and a non-trivial reading order, like it is the case for multi-column documents or nested…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-02-08 Matthias Engelbach , Dennis Klau , Jens Drawehn , Maximilien Kintz

Automated decision making is used routinely throughout our everyday life. Recommender systems decide which jobs, movies, or other user profiles might be interesting to us. Spell checkers help us to make good use of language. Fraud detection…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-07-15 Alexander Jung , Pedro H. J. Nardelli

Explainable AI(XAI)is a domain focused on providing interpretability and explainability of a decision-making process. In the domain of law, in addition to system and data transparency, it also requires the (legal-) decision-model…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2020-12-18 Lukasz Gorski , Shashishekar Ramakrishna , Jedrzej M. Nowosielski