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Black holes have been implicated in two paradoxes that involve apparently non-unitary dynamics. According to Hawking's theory, information that is absorbed by a black hole is destroyed, and the originally pure state of a black hole is…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-12-09 Christoph Adami

We show that if a massive body is put in a quantum superposition of spatially separated states, the mere presence of a black hole in the vicinity of the body will eventually destroy the coherence of the superposition. This occurs because,…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2022-11-30 Daine L. Danielson , Gautam Satishchandran , Robert M. Wald

While recent progress in the black hole information problem has shown that the entropy of Hawking radiation follows a unitary Page curve, the quantum state of Hawking radiation prior the Page time is still treated as purely thermal,…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2023-05-31 Jonah Kudler-Flam , Yuya Kusuki

We revisit the black-hole information problem from the viewpoint of a population-coherence decomposition of density-matrix purity. Building on a previously developed formalism for ndimensional density matrices, we characterize each state by…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2026-02-24 José J. Gil

We follow the prevailing view that black holes do not destroy but rather process and release information in the form of Hawking radiation. By making certain conservative assumptions regarding the interior dynamics of the quantum system we…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2017-07-25 Alexander Y. Yosifov , Lachezar G. Filipov

It has been suggested some time ago that many black hole properties are not specific to gravity, but rather are shared by a large class of objects, the so-called saturons, that saturate the quantum field theoretic upper bound on microstate…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2025-12-24 Giacomo Contri , Gia Dvali , Otari Sakhelashvili

Several recent papers have shown a close relationship between entanglement wedge reconstruction and the unitarity of black hole evaporation in AdS/CFT. The analysis of these papers however has a rather puzzling feature: all calculations are…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2020-08-26 Chris Akers , Netta Engelhardt , Daniel Harlow

We discuss how under certain conditions the black hole information puzzle and the (related) arguments that firewalls are a typical feature of black holes can break down. We first review the arguments of AMPS favoring firewalls, focusing on…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2015-06-22 Henry Stoltenberg , Andreas Albrecht

The presumption that Hawking radiations are thermally distributed can be considered to result from their entanglement with the internal degrees of freedom for a black hole. This leads to the "firewall" paradox if unitary evolution continues…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2020-02-25 Baocheng Zhang , Li You

Pseudo-density matrices are a generalisation of quantum states and do not obey monogamy of quantum correlations. Could this be the solution to the paradox of information loss during the evaporation of a black hole? In this paper we discuss…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2020-04-02 C. Marletto , V. Vedral , S. Virzì , E. Rebufello , A. Avella , F. Piacentini , M. Gramegna , I. Degiovanni , M. Genovese

Hawking's black hole evaporation process suggests that we may need to choose between quantum unitarity and other basic physical principles such as no-signalling, entanglement monogamy, and the equivalence principle. We here provide a…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2020-08-05 Ali Akil , Oscar Dahlsten , Leonardo Modesto

The aim of this work is to present the black hole information problem and discuss the assumptions and hypotheses necessary for its formulation. As the problem arises in the framework of semiclassical gravity, we first review the necessary…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-05-26 Thiago T. Bergamaschi

The non-isometric holographic model of the black hole interior stands out as a potential resolution of the long-standing black hole information puzzle since it remedies the friction between the effective calculation and the microscopic…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2024-01-05 Ran Li , Xuanhua Wang , Kun Zhang , Jin Wang

We consider the Hawking radiation emitted by an evaporating black hole in JT gravity and compute the entropy of arbitrary subsets of the radiation in the slow evaporation limit, and find a zoo of possible island saddles. The Hawking…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2020-12-02 Timothy J. Hollowood , S. Prem Kumar , Andrea Legramandi

Hawking's model of black hole evaporation is not unitary and leads to a mixed density matrix for the emitted radiation, while the Page model describes a unitary evaporation process in which the density matrix evolves from an almost thermal…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2015-09-02 Lasma Alberte , Ram Brustein , Andrei Khmelnitsky , A. J. M. Medved

We study black hole radiation inside black holes within the framework of quantum gravity. First, we review on our previous work of a canonical quantization for a spherically symmetric geometry where one of the spatial coordinates is treated…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2015-03-10 Ichiro Oda

Black hole evaporation is investigated in a (1+1)-dimensional model of quantum gravity. Quantum corrections to the black hole entropy are computed, and the fine-grained entropy of the Hawking radiation is studied. A generalized second law…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2009-09-25 Thomas M. Fiola , John Preskill , Andrew Strominger , Sandip P. Trivedi

If black hole formation and evaporation can be described by an $S$ matrix, information would be expected to come out in black hole radiation. An estimate shows that it may come out initially so slowly, or else be so spread out, that it…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2009-10-22 Don N. Page

In this note, following [arXiv:1905.08255, arXiv:1905.08762, arXiv:1908.10996], we introduce and study various holographic systems which can describe evaporating black holes. The systems we consider are boundary conformal field theories for…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2020-05-20 Moshe Rozali , James Sully , Mark Van Raamsdonk , Christopher Waddell , David Wakeham

Our understanding of black holes changed drastically, when Stephen Hawking discovered their evaporation due to quantum mechanical processes. One core feature of this effect is both its similarity and simultaneous dissimilarity to classical…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2019-01-18 Sebastian Schuster