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Though the community has made great progress on Machine Reading Comprehension (MRC) task, most of the previous works are solving English-based MRC problems, and there are few efforts on other languages mainly due to the lack of large-scale…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-11-05 Yiming Cui , Wanxiang Che , Ting Liu , Bing Qin , Shijin Wang , Guoping Hu

Legal consultation question answering (Legal CQA) presents unique challenges compared to traditional legal QA tasks, including the scarcity of high-quality training data, complex task composition, and strong contextual dependencies. To…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Mingfei Lu , Yi Zhang , Mengjia Wu , Yue Feng

The ambiguous annotation criteria lead to divergence of Chinese Word Segmentation (CWS) datasets in various granularities. Multi-criteria Chinese word segmentation aims to capture various annotation criteria among datasets and leverage…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-10-12 Weipeng Huang , Xingyi Cheng , Kunlong Chen , Taifeng Wang , Wei Chu

Web search is an essential way for humans to obtain information, but it's still a great challenge for machines to understand the contents of web pages. In this paper, we introduce the task of structural reading comprehension (SRC) on web.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-11-09 Xingyu Chen , Zihan Zhao , Lu Chen , Danyang Zhang , Jiabao Ji , Ao Luo , Yuxuan Xiong , Kai Yu

Named Entity Recognition and Relation Extraction for Chinese literature text is regarded as the highly difficult problem, partially because of the lack of tagging sets. In this paper, we build a discourse-level dataset from hundreds of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-06-12 Jingjing Xu , Ji Wen , Xu Sun , Qi Su

Rhetoric recognition is a critical component in automated essay scoring. By identifying rhetorical elements in student writing, AI systems can better assess linguistic and higher-order thinking skills, making it an essential task in the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-17 Yuxuan Lai , Xiajing Wang , Chen Zheng

Machine reading comprehension (MRC) is a crucial task in natural language processing and has achieved remarkable advancements. However, most of the neural MRC models are still far from robust and fail to generalize well in real-world…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-07-22 Hongxuan Tang , Hongyu Li , Jing Liu , Yu Hong , Hua Wu , Haifeng Wang

Extracting structured event knowledge, including event triggers and corresponding arguments, from military texts is fundamental to many applications, such as intelligence analysis and decision assistance. However, event extraction in the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-19 Mengna Zhu , Zijie Xu , Kaisheng Zeng , Kaiming Xiao , Mao Wang , Wenjun Ke , Hongbin Huang

Existing rhetorical understanding and generation datasets or corpora primarily focus on single coarse-grained categories or fine-grained categories, neglecting the common interrelations between different rhetorical devices by treating them…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-01 Nuowei Liu , Xinhao Chen , Hongyi Wu , Changzhi Sun , Man Lan , Yuanbin Wu , Xiaopeng Bai , Shaoguang Mao , Yan Xia

Deep learning-based approaches for automatic document layout analysis and content extraction have the potential to unlock rich information trapped in historical documents on a large scale. One major hurdle is the lack of large datasets for…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-04-21 Zejiang Shen , Kaixuan Zhang , Melissa Dell

Legal practitioners and judicial institutions face an ever-growing volume of case-law documents characterised by formalised language, lengthy sentence structures, and highly specialised terminology, making manual triage both time-consuming…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Moinul Hossain , Sourav Rabi Das , Zikrul Shariar Ayon , Sadia Afrin Promi , Ahnaf Atef Choudhury , Shakila Rahman , Jia Uddin

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated strong reasoning abilities across specialized domains, motivating research into their application to legal reasoning. However, existing legal benchmarks often conflate factual recall with…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-21 Wenhan Yu , Xinbo Lin , Lanxin Ni , Jinhua Cheng , Lei Sha

Analysis and extraction of useful information from legal judgments using computational linguistics was one of the earliest problems posed in the domain of information retrieval. Presently, several commercial vendors exist who automate such…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-05 Sankalok Sen

Multiple-Choice Reading Comprehension (MCRC) requires the model to read the passage and question, and select the correct answer among the given options. Recent state-of-the-art models have achieved impressive performance on multiple MCRC…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-10-29 Chenglei Si , Shuohang Wang , Min-Yen Kan , Jing Jiang

We propose a Historical Document Reading Challenge on Large Chinese Structured Family Records, in short ICDAR2019 HDRC CHINESE. The objective of the proposed competition is to recognize and analyze the layout, and finally detect and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-05-13 Rajkumar Saini , Derek Dobson , Jon Morrey , Marcus Liwicki , Foteini Simistira Liwicki

There is a practically unlimited amount of natural language data available. Still, recent work in text comprehension has focused on datasets which are small relative to current computing possibilities. This article is making a case for the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2016-10-05 Ondrej Bajgar , Rudolf Kadlec , Jan Kleindienst

This paper presents MuCGEC, a multi-reference multi-source evaluation dataset for Chinese Grammatical Error Correction (CGEC), consisting of 7,063 sentences collected from three Chinese-as-a-Second-Language (CSL) learner sources. Each…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-05-05 Yue Zhang , Zhenghua Li , Zuyi Bao , Jiacheng Li , Bo Zhang , Chen Li , Fei Huang , Min Zhang

Textual Question Answering (QA) aims to provide precise answers to user's questions in natural language using unstructured data. One of the most popular approaches to this goal is machine reading comprehension(MRC). In recent years, many…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-02-07 Yang Bai , Daisy Zhe Wang

Existing question answering systems can only predict answers without explicit reasoning processes, which hinder their explainability and make us overestimate their ability of understanding and reasoning over natural language. In this work,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-04-06 Ran Wang , Kun Tao , Dingjie Song , Zhilong Zhang , Xiao Ma , Xi'ao Su , Xinyu Dai

Recognizing facts is the most fundamental step in making judgments, hence detecting events in the legal documents is important to legal case analysis tasks. However, existing Legal Event Detection (LED) datasets only concern incomprehensive…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-03-17 Feng Yao , Chaojun Xiao , Xiaozhi Wang , Zhiyuan Liu , Lei Hou , Cunchao Tu , Juanzi Li , Yun Liu , Weixing Shen , Maosong Sun