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The scarcity of labeled data is a critical obstacle to deep learning. Semi-supervised learning (SSL) provides a promising way to leverage unlabeled data by pseudo labels. However, when the size of labeled data is very small (say a few…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-10-27 Yi Xu , Jiandong Ding , Lu Zhang , Shuigeng Zhou

While semi-supervised learning (SSL) has received tremendous attentions in many machine learning tasks due to its successful use of unlabeled data, existing SSL algorithms use either all unlabeled examples or the unlabeled examples with a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-09-03 Yi Xu , Lei Shang , Jinxing Ye , Qi Qian , Yu-Feng Li , Baigui Sun , Hao Li , Rong Jin

Recent state-of-the-art methods in semi-supervised learning (SSL) combine consistency regularization with confidence-based pseudo-labeling. To obtain high-quality pseudo-labels, a high confidence threshold is typically adopted. However, it…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-06-14 Zhuoran Yu , Yin Li , Yong Jae Lee

The advancement of deep learning has greatly improved supervised image classification. However, labeling data is costly, prompting research into unsupervised learning methods such as contrastive learning. In real-world scenarios, fully…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-09 Shogo Nakayama , Masahiro Okuda

We introduce MarginMatch, a new SSL approach combining consistency regularization and pseudo-labeling, with its main novelty arising from the use of unlabeled data training dynamics to measure pseudo-label quality. Instead of using only the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-08-21 Tiberiu Sosea , Cornelia Caragea

A major challenge in Semi-Supervised Learning (SSL) is the limited information available about the class distribution in the unlabeled data. In many real-world applications this arises from the prevalence of long-tailed distributions, where…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-04 Khiem Pham , Charles Herrmann , Ramin Zabih

Semi-supervised Learning (SSL) has witnessed great success owing to the impressive performances brought by various methods based on pseudo labeling and consistency regularization. However, we argue that existing methods might fail to…

Prior works have shown that semi-supervised learning algorithms can leverage unlabeled data to improve over the labeled sample complexity of supervised learning (SL) algorithms. However, existing theoretical analyses focus on regimes where…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-12-01 Alexandru Ţifrea , Gizem Yüce , Amartya Sanyal , Fanny Yang

Semi-supervised learning (SSL) has shown great promise in leveraging unlabeled data to improve model performance. While standard SSL assumes uniform data distribution, we consider a more realistic and challenging setting called imbalanced…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-01-19 Hao Chen , Yue Fan , Yidong Wang , Jindong Wang , Bernt Schiele , Xing Xie , Marios Savvides , Bhiksha Raj

Semi-supervised learning (SSL) is the branch of machine learning that aims to improve learning performance by leveraging unlabeled data when labels are insufficient. Recently, SSL with deep models has proven to be successful on standard…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-11-15 Lan-Zhe Guo , Zhi Zhou , Yu-Feng Li

We evaluate the effectiveness of semi-supervised learning (SSL) on a realistic benchmark where data exhibits considerable class imbalance and contains images from novel classes. Our benchmark consists of two fine-grained classification…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-04-02 Jong-Chyi Su , Zezhou Cheng , Subhransu Maji

The high cost of data labeling presents a major barrier to deploying machine learning systems at scale. Semi-supervised learning (SSL) mitigates this challenge by utilizing unlabeled data alongside limited labeled examples, while the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-30 Jichan Chung , Irene Y. Chen

In recent years, semi-supervised learning (SSL) has shown tremendous success in leveraging unlabeled data to improve the performance of deep learning models, which significantly reduces the demand for large amounts of labeled data. Many SSL…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-06-02 Song-Bo Yang , Tian-li Yu

Semi-supervised learning (SSL) is an efficient framework that can train models with both labeled and unlabeled data, but may generate ambiguous and non-distinguishable representations when lacking adequate labeled samples. With…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-08-08 Xinkai Yuan , Zilinghan Li , Gaoang Wang

Given an unlabeled dataset and an annotation budget, we study how to selectively label a fixed number of instances so that semi-supervised learning (SSL) on such a partially labeled dataset is most effective. We focus on selecting the right…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-08-24 Xudong Wang , Long Lian , Stella X. Yu

Semi-supervised learning provides an expressive framework for exploiting unlabeled data when labels are insufficient. Previous semi-supervised learning methods typically match model predictions of different data-augmented views in a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-10-26 Cong Wang , Xiaofeng Cao , Lanzhe Guo2 , Zenglin Shi

Semi-supervised learning (SSL) constructs classifiers from datasets in which only a subset of observations is labelled, a situation that naturally arises because obtaining labels often requires expert judgement or costly manual effort. This…

Computation · Statistics 2025-12-09 Geoffrey J. McLachlan , Jinran Wu

The core issue in semi-supervised learning (SSL) lies in how to effectively leverage unlabeled data, whereas most existing methods tend to put a great emphasis on the utilization of high-confidence samples yet seldom fully explore the usage…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-12-22 Yue Duan , Zhen Zhao , Lei Qi , Lei Wang , Luping Zhou , Yinghuan Shi , Yang Gao

Do we need active learning? The rise of strong deep semi-supervised methods raises doubt about the usability of active learning in limited labeled data settings. This is caused by results showing that combining semi-supervised learning…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-08-17 Sandra Gilhuber , Rasmus Hvingelby , Mang Ling Ada Fok , Thomas Seidl

In machine learning, one must acquire labels to help supervise a model that will be able to generalize to unseen data. However, the labeling process can be tedious, long, costly, and error-prone. It is often the case that most of our data…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-09-29 Bruno Klaus de Aquino Afonso , Lilian Berton