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This paper studies the fundamental problem of multi-layer generator models in learning hierarchical representations. The multi-layer generator model that consists of multiple layers of latent variables organized in a top-down architecture…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-17 Jiali Cui , Ying Nian Wu , Tian Han

We propose Algorithm Distillation (AD), a method for distilling reinforcement learning (RL) algorithms into neural networks by modeling their training histories with a causal sequence model. Algorithm Distillation treats learning to…

We focus on the problem of efficient sampling and learning of probability densities by incorporating symmetries in probabilistic models. We first introduce Equivariant Stein Variational Gradient Descent algorithm -- an equivariant sampling…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-07-30 Priyank Jaini , Lars Holdijk , Max Welling

Molecules in equilibrium follow a Boltzmann distribution, making the underlying energy landscape a physically grounded modeling objective. However, such landscapes are difficult to learn from data and, once learned, hard to sample from.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Christoph Griesbacher , Lea Bogensperger , Andreas Habring , Thomas Pock

In this paper, we propose conjugate energy-based models (CEBMs), a new class of energy-based models that define a joint density over data and latent variables. The joint density of a CEBM decomposes into an intractable distribution over…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-06-28 Hao Wu , Babak Esmaeili , Michael Wick , Jean-Baptiste Tristan , Jan-Willem van de Meent

While model-based reinforcement learning (MBRL) improves sample efficiency by learning world models from raw observations, existing methods struggle to generalize across structurally similar scenes and remain vulnerable to spurious…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-28 Zhao-Han Peng , Shaohui Li , Zhi Li , Shulan Ruan , Yu Liu , You He

We offer a study that connects robust discriminative classifiers trained with adversarial training (AT) with generative modeling in the form of Energy-based Models (EBM). We do so by decomposing the loss of a discriminative classifier and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-06 Senad Beadini , Iacopo Masi

Molecule synthesis through machine learning is one of the fundamental problems in drug discovery. Current data-driven strategies employ one-step retrosynthesis models and search algorithms to predict synthetic routes in a top-bottom manner.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-05 Songtao Liu , Hanjun Dai , Yue Zhao , Peng Liu

Combinatorial optimization problems are notoriously challenging due to their discrete structure and exponentially large solution space. Recent advances in deep reinforcement learning (DRL) have enabled the learning heuristics directly from…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-12 Shengda Gu , Kai Li , Junliang Xing , Yifan Zhang , Jian Cheng

Motivated by applications of quantum computers in Gibbs sampling from continuous real-valued functions, we ask whether such algorithms can provide practical advantages for machine learning models trained on classical data and seek measures…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-20 Noah A. Crum , Leanto Sunny , Pooya Ronagh , Raymond Laflamme , Radhakrishnan Balu , George Siopsis

We present Generalized Contrastive Divergence (GCD), a novel objective function for training an energy-based model (EBM) and a sampler simultaneously. GCD generalizes Contrastive Divergence (Hinton, 2002), a celebrated algorithm for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-12-07 Sangwoong Yoon , Dohyun Kwon , Himchan Hwang , Yung-Kyun Noh , Frank C. Park

In this paper, we study deep generative models for effective unsupervised learning. We propose VGAN, which works by minimizing a variational lower bound of the negative log likelihood (NLL) of an energy based model (EBM), where the model…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2016-11-08 Shuangfei Zhai , Yu Cheng , Rogerio Feris , Zhongfei Zhang

Bearing fault diagnosis under varying working conditions faces challenges, including a lack of labeled data, distribution discrepancies, and resource constraints. To address these issues, we propose a progressive knowledge distillation…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-04 Mohammadreza Kavianpour , Parisa Kavianpour , Amin Ramezani , Mohammad TH Beheshti

Reinforcement learning algorithms often suffer from poor sample efficiency, making them challenging to apply in multi-task or continual learning settings. Efficiency can be improved by transferring knowledge from a previously trained…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-23 Zeyun Deng , Jasorsi Ghosh , Fiona Xie , Yuzhe Lu , Katia Sycara , Joseph Campbell

As a common method in Machine Learning, Ensemble Method is used to train multiple models from a data set and obtain better results through certain combination strategies. Stacking method, as representatives of Ensemble Learning methods, is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-09-15 Jiacheng Ruan , Jiahao Li

A crucial design decision for any robot learning pipeline is the choice of policy representation: what type of model should be used to generate the next set of robot actions? Owing to the inherent multi-modal nature of many robotic tasks,…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-09-13 Sumeet Singh , Stephen Tu , Vikas Sindhwani

Deep Generative Models (DGMs), including Energy-Based Models (EBMs) and Score-based Generative Models (SGMs), have advanced high-fidelity data generation and complex continuous distribution approximation. However, their application in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-03 Yangming Li , Chieh-Hsin Lai , Carola-Bibiane Schönlieb , Yuki Mitsufuji , Stefano Ermon

Energy-based language models (ELMs) parameterize an unnormalized distribution for natural sentences and are radically different from popular autoregressive language models (ALMs). As an important application, ELMs have been successfully…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-30 Hong Liu , Zhaobiao Lv , Zhijian Ou , Wenbo Zhao , Qing Xiao

Current state-of-the-art generative models map noise to data distributions by matching flows or scores. A key limitation of these models is their inability to readily integrate available partial observations and additional priors. In…

Training visual reinforcement learning (RL) in practical scenarios presents a significant challenge, $\textit{i.e.,}$ RL agents suffer from low sample efficiency in environments with variations. While various approaches have attempted to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-07 Qi Wang , Zhipeng Zhang , Baao Xie , Xin Jin , Yunbo Wang , Shiyu Wang , Liaomo Zheng , Xiaokang Yang , Wenjun Zeng
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