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The theory of stochastic thermodynamics has revealed many useful fluctuation relations, with the thermodynamic uncertainty relation (TUR) being a theorem of major interest. When many nonequilibrium currents interact with each other, a naive…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2024-10-16 Michalis Chatzittofi , Ramin Golestanian , Jaime Agudo-Canalejo

Thermodynamic uncertainty relations (TURs) represent a benchmark result in nonequilibrium physics that allows to place fundamental lower bounds on the noise-to-signal ratio (precision) of currents in nanoscale devices. Originally formulated…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-01-24 Andre M. Timpanaro , Giacomo Guarnieri , Gabriel T. Landi

We introduce a new technique to bound the fluctuations exhibited by a physical system, based on the Euclidean geometry of the space of observables. Through a simple unifying argument, we derive a sweeping generalization of so-called…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2020-06-24 Gianmaria Falasco , Massimiliano Esposito , Jean-Charles Delvenne

The minimal bound of the thermodynamic uncertainty relation (TUR) is modulated from that of the classical counterpart ($\mathcal{Q}_{\rm min}=2$) when a quantumness is present in the dynamical process far from equilibrium. A recent study on…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2025-07-21 Kwang Hyun Cho , Hyukjoon Kwon , Changbong Hyeon

Many versions of Thermodynamic Uncertainty Relations (TUR) have recently been discovered, which impose lower bounds on relative fluctuations of integrated currents in irreversible dissipative processes, and suggest that there may be…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2022-06-28 Mingnan Ding , Chen Huang , Xiangjun Xing

Thermodynamic uncertainty relations (TURs) arise from the bounds on fluctuations of thermodynamics quantities during a non-equilibrium process and they impose constraints on the corresponding process. We experimentally implement a quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-12-30 Krishna Shende , Arvind , Kavita Dorai

The trade-off between large power output, high efficiency and small fluctuations in the operation of heat engines has recently received interest in the context of thermodynamic uncertainty relations (TURs). Here we provide a concrete…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2021-08-04 Sara Kheradsoud , Nastaran Dashti , Maciej Misiorny , Patrick P. Potts , Janine Splettstoesser , Peter Samuelsson

Clocks are inherently out-of-equilibrium because, due to friction, they constantly consume free energy to keep track of time. The Thermodynamic Uncertainty Relation (TUR) quantifies the trade-off between the precision of any…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2024-02-05 Ashwin Gopal , Massimiliano Esposito , Nahuel Freitas

Thermodynamic uncertainty relations (TURs) set fundamental bounds on the fluctuation and dissipation of stochastic systems. Here, we examine these bounds, in experiment and theory, by exploring the entire phase space of a cyclic information…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2020-09-23 Govind Paneru , Sandipan Dutta , Tsvi Tlusty , Hyuk Kyu Pak

In nonequilibrium systems, the relative fluctuation of a current has a universal trade-off relation with the entropy production, called the thermodynamic uncertainty relation (TUR). For systems with broken time reversal symmetry, its…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2021-10-04 Jong-Min Park , Hyunggyu Park

Quantum conductors attached to metallic reservoirs have been demonstrated to overcome the thermodynamic uncertainty relation (TUR), a trade-off relation between the amount of dissipation and the absence of charge and heat current…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2025-11-06 David Christian Ohnmacht , Juan Carlos Cuevas , Wolfgang Belzig , Rosa López , Jong Soo Lim , Kun Woo Kim

The thermodynamic uncertainty relation (TUR) for underdamped dynamics has intriguing problems while its counterpart for overdamped dynamics has recently been derived. Even for the case of steady states, a proper way to match underdamped and…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2022-02-02 Chulan Kwon , Youngchae Kwon , Hyun Keun Lee

The thermodynamic uncertainty relation, originally derived for classical Markov-jump processes, provides a trade-off relation between precision and dissipation, deepening our understanding of the performance of quantum thermal machines.…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2021-03-31 Junjie Liu , Dvira Segal

Thermodynamic uncertainty relation, quantifying a trade-off among average current, the associated fluctuation (precision), and entropy production (cost), has been formulated in nonequilibrium steady state and various stochastic systems.…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2022-03-31 Jincheng Lu , Zi Wang , Jiebin Peng , Chen Wang , Jian-Hua Jiang , Jie Ren

We derive a universal thermodynamic uncertainty relation (TUR) that applies to an arbitrary observable in a general Markovian system. The generality of our result allows us to make two findings: (1) for an arbitrary out-of-equilibrium…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2022-06-07 Liu Ziyin , Masahito Ueda

We determine the zero-frequency charge current noise in a metal-molecule-metal junction embedded in a thermal environment, e.g., a solvent, dominated by sequential charge transmission described by a classical master equation, and study its…

Chemical Physics · Physics 2022-11-02 Henning Kirchberg , Abraham Nitzan

The operation of many classical and quantum systems in nonequilibrium steady state is constrained by cost-precision (dissipation-fluctuation) tradeoff relations, delineated by the thermodynamic uncertainty relation (TUR). However, coherent…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2022-04-13 Matthew Gerry , Dvira Segal

We provide a minimal strategy for the quantitative analysis of a large class of non-equilibrium systems in a {statistically} steady state using the short-time Thermodynamic Uncertainty Relation (TUR). From short-time trajectory data…

We investigate the thermodynamic uncertainty relations (TURs) in steady-state transport for a multi-terminal system consisting of two conducting terminals and N-2 probe terminals, within the linear response regime under broken time-reversal…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2026-01-07 Yanchao Zhang , Xinzhi Liu , Xiaolong Lü , Shanhe Su

Quantum thermodynamic uncertainty relations establish fundamental trade-offs between the precision achievable in quantum systems and associated thermodynamic quantities such as entropy production or dynamical activity. While foundational,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-09-23 Nobumasa Ishida , Yoshihiko Hasegawa