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The adaptive immune system relies on diversity of its repertoire of receptors to protect the organism from a great variety of pathogens. Since the initial repertoire is the result of random gene rearrangement, binding of receptors is not…

Cell Behavior · Quantitative Biology 2019-10-30 Alexander Mozeika , Franca Fraternali , Deborah Dunn-Walters , Anthony C. C. Coolen

The adaptive immune system constantly remodels its lymphocyte repertoire for better protection against future pathogens. Its ability to improve antigen recognition on the fly relies on somatic mutation and selective expansion of B…

Biological Physics · Physics 2022-09-29 Hongda Jiang , Shenshen Wang

The introduction of audio latent diffusion models possessing the ability to generate realistic sound clips on demand from a text description has the potential to revolutionize how we work with audio. In this work, we make an initial attempt…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-10-17 Dimitrios Bralios , Gordon Wichern , François G. Germain , Zexu Pan , Sameer Khurana , Chiori Hori , Jonathan Le Roux

Mechanisms of immunity, and of the host-pathogen interactions in general are among the most fundamental problems of medicine, ecology, and evolution studies. Here, we present a microscopic, protein-level, sequence-based model of immune…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2007-11-22 Muyoung Heo , Konstantin B. Zeldovich , Eugene I. Shakhnovich

Despite the extreme diversity of T cell repertoires, many identical T-cell receptor (TCR) sequences are found in a large number of individual mice and humans. These widely-shared sequences, often referred to as `public', have been suggested…

Genomics · Quantitative Biology 2019-01-24 Yuval Elhanati , Zachary Sethna , Curtis G. Callan , Thierry Mora , Aleksandra M. Walczak

We develop a stochastic model to study the specific response of the immune system. The model is based on the dynamical interaction between Regulatory and Effector CD4+ T cells in the presence of Antigen Presenting Cells inside a lymphatic…

Cell Behavior · Quantitative Biology 2011-04-29 Nuris Figueroa-Morales , Kalet León , Roberto Mulet

Recent advances in immunomics have shown that T-cell receptor (TCR) signatures can accurately predict active or recent infection by leveraging the high specificity of TCR binding to disease antigens. However, the extreme diversity of the…

The clonal selection principle explains the basic features of an adaptive immune response to a antigenic stimulus. It established the idea that only those cells that recognize the antigens are selected to proliferate and differentiate. This…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2018-04-10 Takumi Ichimura , Shin Kamada

Chronic infections of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) create a very complex co-evolutionary process, where the virus tries to escape the continuously adapting host immune system. Quantitative details of this process are largely…

Populations and Evolution · Quantitative Biology 2022-07-27 Andrea Mazzolini , Thierry Mora , Aleksandra M Walczak

The phenomenon of immunological memory has been known for a long time. But, the underlying mechanism is poorly understood. According to the theory of clonal selection the response to a specific invading antigen (e.g., bacteria) is offered…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2007-05-23 Debashish Chowdhury

Biological processes at the cellular level are stochastic in nature, and the immune response system is no different. Therefore, models that attempt to explain this system need to also incorporate noise or fluctuations that can account for…

Molecular Networks · Quantitative Biology 2021-06-16 Abhilasha Batra , Rati Sharma

The adaptive immune system of vertebrates can detect, respond to, and memorize diverse pathogens from past experience. While the clonal selection of T helper (Th) cells is the simple and established mechanism to better recognize new…

Populations and Evolution · Quantitative Biology 2021-03-17 Takuya Kato , Tetsuya J. Kobayashi

The human immune system depends on a highly diverse collection of antibody-making B cells. B cell receptor sequence diversity is generated by a random recombination process called "rearrangement" forming progenitor B cells, then a Darwinian…

Populations and Evolution · Quantitative Biology 2017-02-08 Duncan K. Ralph , Frederick A. Matsen

We quantify the VDJ recombination and somatic hypermutation processes in human B-cells using probabilistic inference methods on high-throughput DNA sequence repertoires of human B-cell receptor heavy chains. Our analysis captures the…

Populations and Evolution · Quantitative Biology 2016-02-10 Yuval Elhanati , Zachary Sethna , Quentin Marcou , Curtis G. Callan , Thierry Mora , Aleksandra M. Walczak

Here we present the first genome wide statistical test for recessive selection. This test uses explicitly non-equilibrium demographic differences between populations to infer the mode of selection. By analyzing the transient response to a…

Populations and Evolution · Quantitative Biology 2014-03-24 Daniel J. Balick , Ron Do , David Reich , Shamil R. Sunyaev

Subclasses of lymphocytes carry different functional roles to work together to produce an immune response and lasting immunity. Additionally to these functional roles, T and B-cell lymphocytes rely on the diversity of their receptor chains…

Populations and Evolution · Quantitative Biology 2021-04-28 Giulio Isacchini , Aleksandra M Walczak , Thierry Mora , Armita Nourmohammad

The repertoire of lymphocyte receptors in the adaptive immune system protects organisms from diverse pathogens. A well-adapted repertoire should be tuned to the pathogenic environment to reduce the cost of infections. We develop a general…

Populations and Evolution · Quantitative Biology 2016-02-17 Andreas Mayer , Vijay Balasubramanian , Thierry Mora , Aleksandra M. Walczak

In most of the recent immunological literature the differences across antigen receptor populations are examined via non-parametric statistical measures of species overlap and diversity borrowed from ecological studies. While this approach…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2010-03-05 Grzegorz A. Rempala , Michal Seweryn , Leszek Ignatowicz

The T-cell (TCR) repertoire relies on the diversity of receptors composed of two chains, called $\alpha$ and $\beta$, to recognize pathogens. Using results of high throughput sequencing and computational chain-pairing experiments of human…

Genomics · Quantitative Biology 2019-05-14 Thomas Dupic , Quentin Marcou , Aleksandra M. Walczak , Thierry Mora