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Related papers: On Opacity Verification for Discrete-Event Systems

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Finite automata (FAs) model is a popular tool to characterize discrete event systems (DESs) due to its succinctness. However, for some complex systems, it is difficult to describe the necessary details by means of FAs model. In this paper,…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2023-07-11 Weilin Deng , Daowen Qiu , Jingkai Yang

Timing leaks in timed automata (TA) can occur whenever an attacker is able to deduce a secret by observing some timed behaviour. In execution-time opacity, the attacker aims at deducing whether a private location was visited, by observing…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-07-29 Étienne André , Marie Duflot , Laetitia Laversa , Engel Lefaucheux

Opacity is a general framework modeling security properties of systems interacting with a passive attacker. Initial-and-final-state opacity (IFO) generalizes the classical notions of opacity, such as current-state opacity and initial-state…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2024-12-25 Tomáš Masopust , Petr Osička

Timing information leakage occurs whenever an attacker successfully deduces confidential internal information by observing some timed information such as events with timestamps. Timed automata are an extension of finite-state automata with…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2023-11-01 Étienne André , Engel Lefaucheux , Didier Lime , Dylan Marinho , Jun Sun

Timed automata (TAs) are an extension of finite automata that can measure and react to the passage of time, providing the ability to handle real-time constraints using clocks. In 2009, Franck Cassez showed that the timed opacity problem,…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2026-03-30 Étienne André , Sarah Dépernet , Engel Lefaucheux

Opacity is a security property formalizing the information leakage of a system to an external observer, namely intruder. The conventional opacity that has been studied in the Discrete Event System (DES) literature usually assumes passive…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2020-07-30 Alireza Partovi , Taeho Jung , Lin Hai

We introduce a prototype tool strategFTO addressing the verification of a security property in critical software. We consider a recent definition of timed opacity where an attacker aims to deduce some secret while having access only to the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-11-28 Étienne André , Shapagat Bolat , Engel Lefaucheux , Dylan Marinho

The opaqueness of many complex machine learning algorithms is often mentioned as one of the main obstacles to the ethical development of artificial intelligence (AI). But what does it mean for an algorithm to be opaque? Highly complex…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-20 Andrés Páez

Timed automata are a common formalism for the verification of concurrent systems subject to timing constraints. They extend finite-state automata with clocks, that constrain the system behavior in locations, and to take transitions. While…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-06-08 Johan Arcile , Étienne André

Opacity and attack detectability are important properties for any system as they allow the states to remain private and malicious attacks to be detected, respectively. In this paper, we show that a fundamental trade-off exists between these…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-06-14 Varkey M. John , Vaibhav Katewa

Opacity is an important information-flow security property in the analysis of cyber-physical systems. It captures the plausible deniability of the system's secret behavior in the presence of an intruder that may access the information flow.…

Systems and Control · Computer Science 2019-02-26 Xiang Yin , Majid Zamani

Opacity, an information-flow property related to the privacy and security of a system, has been extensively studied in the context of discrete event systems. Although various notions of opacity have been proposed, in all cases the…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-03-02 Dan You , Shouguang Wang , Carla Seatzu

As an information-flow privacy property, opacity characterizes whether a malicious external observer (referred to as an intruder) is able to infer the secret behavior of a system. This paper addresses the problem of opacity enforcement…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2025-05-12 Wei Duan , Ruotian Liu , Maria Pia Fanti , Christoforos N. Hadjicostis , Zhiwu Li

Information leakage can have dramatic consequences on systems security. Among harmful information leaks, the timing information leakage is the ability for an attacker to deduce internal information depending on the system execution time. We…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-10-20 Étienne André , Jun Sun

We study the complexity of deciding whether a modular discrete event system is detectable (resp. opaque, A-diagnosable). Detectability arises in the state estimation of discrete event systems, opacity is related to the privacy and security…

Systems and Control · Computer Science 2017-10-10 Tomáš Masopust , Xiang Yin

Opacity is an important information-flow security property that characterizes the plausible deniability of a dynamic system for its "secret" against eavesdropping attacks. As an information-flow property, the underlying observation model is…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-01-19 Junyao Hou , Xiang Yin , Shaoyuan Li

Opacity is a general behavioural security scheme flexible enough to account for several specific properties. Some secret set of behaviors of a system is opaque if a passive attacker can never tell whether the observed behavior is a secret…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2013-12-24 John Mullins , Moez Yeddes

Attacks, including the manipulation of sensor readings and the modification of actuator commands, pose a significant challenge to the security and privacy of automated systems. This paper considers discrete event systems that can be modeled…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2025-10-28 Xiaoyan Li , Christoforos N. Hadjicostis

The security in information-flow has become a major concern for cyber-physical systems (CPSs). In this work, we focus on the analysis of an information-flow security property, called opacity. Opacity characterizes the plausible deniability…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-10-29 Siyuan Liu , Abdalla Swikir , Majid Zamani

We investigate the enforcement of opacity in discrete-event systems via supervisory control. A system is said to be opaque if a passive intruder can never unambiguously infer whether the system is in a secret state through its observations.…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-04-07 Bohan Cui , Ziyue Ma , Alessandro Giua , Xiang Yin