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In this paper, a new reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) hardware architecture, called self-organized RIS (SORIS), is proposed. The architecture incorporates a microcontroller connected to a single-antenna receiver operating at the…

In this paper, we investigate the two-way communication between two users assisted by a re-configurable intelligent surface (RIS). The scheme that two users communicate simultaneously over Rayleigh fading channels is considered. The…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-05-05 Saman Atapattu , Rongfei Fan , Prathapasinghe Dharmawansa , Gongpu Wang , Jamie Evans , Theodoros A. Tsiftsis

The technology of Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces (RISs) is lately being considered as a boosting component for various indoor wireless applications, enabling wave propagation control and coverage extension. However, the incorporation…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2025-01-23 Fabio Cardoso , Sérgio Matos , Luís M. Pessoa , George C. Alexandropoulos

A reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) is commonly made of low-cost passive and reflective meta-materials with excellent beam steering capabilities. It is applied to enhance wireless communication systems as a customizable signal…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-07-16 Kun Chen-Hu , Petar Popovski

Reconfigurable Intelligent Surface (RIS) technologies have been considered as a promising enabler for 6G, enabling advantageous control of electromagnetic (EM) propagation. RIS can be categorized into multiple types based on their…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-05-13 Yuxiang Zhang , Jianhua Zhang , Zhengfu Zhou , Huiwen Gong , Hongbo Xing , Zhiqiang Yuan , Lei Tian , Li Yu , Guangyi Liu , Tao Jiang

A standard reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) can be configured to reflect signals from an arbitrary impinging direction to an arbitrary outgoing direction. However, if a signal impinges from any other direction, said signal is…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-03-07 Fredrik Rusek , Jose Flordelis , Kun Zhao , Erik Bengtsson , Olof Zander

Recently there has been a flurry of research on the use of reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RIS) in wireless networks to create smart radio environments. In a smart radio environment, surfaces are capable of manipulating the propagation…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-05-05 Mohamed A. ElMossallamy , Hongliang Zhang , Lingyang Song , Karim G. Seddik , Zhu Han , Geoffrey Ye Li

Reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) has shown promise in providing apparent benefits in wireless communication and positioning. Most of the existing research focuses on the ability of RIS to adjust the direction of propagation. In this…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2021-10-05 Chang-Jen Wang , Shang-Ling Shih , Chao-Kai Wen , Shi Jin

Active reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) emerges as an effective technique to resist the double-fading attenuation of passive RIS. By embedding with power harvesting function, it further evolves to zero-power active RIS, which can…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2025-10-17 Xiao Zheng , Wenchi Cheng , Jingqing Wang , Zhuohui Yao , Jiangzhou Wang

A communication link aided by a reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) is studied in which the transmitter can control the state of the RIS via a finite-rate control link. Channel state information (CSI) is acquired at the receiver based…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2020-12-02 Roy Karasik , Osvaldo Simeone , Marco Di Renzo , Shlomo Shamai

Reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS)-empowered communication, has been considered widely as one of the revolutionary technologies for next generation networks. However, due to the novel propagation characteristics of RISs, underlying…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2023-05-16 Jian Sang , Mingyong Zhou , Jifeng Lan , Boning Gao , Wankai Tang , Xiao Li , Shi Jin , Ertugrul Basar , Cen Li , Qiang Cheng , Tie Jun Cui

Reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RISs) are considered as potential technologies for the upcoming sixth-generation (6G) wireless communication system. Various benefits brought by deploying one or multiple RISs include increased spectrum…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-04-16 Jiguang He , Nhan Thanh Nguyen , Rafaela Schroeder , Visa Tapio , Joonas Kokkoniemi , Markku Juntti

Given its ability to control and manipulate wireless environments, reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS), also known as intelligent reflecting surface (IRS), has emerged as a key enabler technology for the six-generation (6G) cellular…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-02-01 Ahmed Al-Hilo , Moataz Samir , Mohamed Elhattab , Chadi Assi , Sanaa Sharafeddine

Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces (RISs) have emerged as a transformative technology for next-generation wireless communication systems, offering unprecedented control over electromagnetic wave propagation. In particular, Simultaneously…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-01-22 Rongguang Song , Haifan Yin , Xilong Pei , Lin Cao , Taorui Yang , Xue Ren , Yuanwei Liu

Intelligent reflecting surface (IRS), which consists of a large number of tunable reflective elements, is capable of enhancing the wireless propagation environment in a cellular network by intelligently reflecting the electromagnetic waves…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-06-10 Tao Jiang , Hei Victor Cheng , Wei Yu

Reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RISs) have emerged as a cost- and energy-efficient technology that can customize and program the physical propagation environment by reflecting radio waves in preferred directions. However, the purely…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-06-21 Nhan Thanh Nguyen , Jiguang He , Van-Dinh Nguyen , Henk Wymeersch , Derrick Wing Kwan Ng , Robert Schober , Symeon Chatzinotas , Markku Juntti

An indoor robot navigation system is investigated, where an intelligent reflecting surface (IRS) is employed to enhance the connectivity between the access point (AP) and a mobile robotic user. The considered system is optimized for…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-09-25 Xidong Mu , Yuanwei Liu , Li Guo , Jiaru Lin , Robert Schober

The intelligent reflecting surface (IRS) is emphasized as a controlled scattering cluster. To this end, scatterers and traveling paths of multipath components are classified to build a new channel model. Unlike the conventional modeling,…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-11-18 Musab Alayasra , Huseyin Arslan

Reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RISs) modify signal reflections to enhance wireless communication capabilities. Classical RIS phase optimization is highly non convex and challenging in dynamic environments due to high interference and…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-04-21 Noha Hassan , Xavier Fernando , Halim Yanikomeroglu

Reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RISs) are arrays of passive elements that can control the reflection of the incident electromagnetic waves. While RIS are particularly useful to avoid blockages, the protocol aspects for their…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2026-03-16 Victor Croisfelt , Fabio Saggese , Israel Leyva-Mayorga , Radoslaw Kotaba , Gabriele Gradoni , Petar Popovski