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Chemical reaction networks (CRNs) formally model chemistry in a well-mixed solution. CRNs are widely used to describe information processing occurring in natural cellular regulatory networks, and with upcoming advances in synthetic biology,…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2013-04-17 David Doty

Coupled chemical interactions in a well-mixed solution are commonly formalized as chemical reaction networks (CRNs). However, despite the widespread use of CRNs in the natural sciences, the range of computational behaviors exhibited by CRNs…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2023-04-11 Ho-Lin Chen , David Doty , Wyatt Reeves , David Soloveichik

Embedding computation in biochemical environments incompatible with traditional electronics is expected to have wide-ranging impact in synthetic biology, medicine, nanofabrication and other fields. Natural biochemical systems are typically…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-06-15 Marko Vasic , Cameron Chalk , Austin Luchsinger , Sarfraz Khurshid , David Soloveichik

Chemical reaction networks (CRNs) model systems where molecules interact according to a finite set of reactions such as $A + B \to C$, representing that if a molecule of $A$ and $B$ collide, they disappear and a molecule of $C$ is produced.…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2026-01-21 David Doty , Ben Heckmann

We present a differentiable formulation of abstract chemical reaction networks (CRNs) that can be trained to solve a variety of computational tasks. Chemical reaction networks are one of the most fundamental computational substrates used by…

Molecular Networks · Quantitative Biology 2023-02-07 Alexander Mordvintsev , Ettore Randazzo , Eyvind Niklasson

Biological regulatory networks depend upon chemical interactions to process information. Engineering such molecular computing systems is a major challenge for synthetic biology and related fields. The chemical reaction network (CRN) model…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2020-09-23 Cameron Chalk , Niels Kornerup , Wyatt Reeves , David Soloveichik

Across many disciplines, chemical reaction networks (CRNs) are an established population model defined as a system of coupled nonlinear ordinary differential equations. In many applications, for example, in systems biology and epidemiology,…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-01-23 Kim G. Larsen , Daniele Toller , Mirco Tribastone , Max Tschaikowski , Andrea Vandin

Chemical reaction networks (CRNs) model the behavior of chemical reactions in well-mixed solutions and they can be designed to perform computations. In this tutorial we give an overview of various computational models for CRNs. Moreover, we…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2018-11-27 Robert Brijder

Chemical reaction networks (CRNs) provide a convenient language for modelling a broad variety of biological systems. These models are commonly studied with respect to the time series they generate in deterministic or stochastic simulations.…

Molecular Networks · Quantitative Biology 2019-07-11 Ozan Kahramanoğulları

Chemical reaction networks (CRNs) formally model chemistry in a well-mixed solution. CRNs are widely used to describe information processing occurring in natural cellular regulatory networks, and with upcoming advances in synthetic biology,…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2015-03-20 Ho-Lin Chen , David Doty , David Soloveichik

Chemical reaction networks (CRNs) model the behavior of molecules in a well-mixed system. The emerging field of molecular programming uses CRNs not only as a descriptive tool, but as a programming language for chemical computation.…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2015-09-04 Adam Case , Jack H. Lutz , D. M. Stull

Chemical Reaction Networks (CRNs) provide a useful abstraction of molecular interaction networks in which molecular structures as well as mass conservation principles are abstracted away to focus on the main dynamical properties of the…

Molecular Networks · Quantitative Biology 2020-07-31 Elisabeth Degrand , François Fages , Sylvain Soliman

Chemical reaction networks (CRNs) are foundational models for describing complex biochemical processes. We study noncompetitive CRNs, a class of networks whose static states are rate-independent, and that can implement ReLU neural networks.…

Molecular Networks · Quantitative Biology 2025-12-22 Louis Faul , Xavier Richard , Mary Betrisey , Christian Mazza

A chemical reaction network (CRN) is composed of reactions that can be seen as interactions among entities called species, which exist within the system. Endowed with kinetics, CRN has a corresponding set of ordinary differential equations…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2021-04-20 Bryan S. Hernandez , Ralph John L. De la Cruz

It is useful to have complete lists of nonisomorphic chemical reaction networks (CRNs) of a given size, with or without various restrictions. One may, for example, be interested in exploring how often certain dynamical behaviours occur in…

Molecular Networks · Quantitative Biology 2017-06-01 Murad Banaji

We propose a unified framework that allows for the full mechanistic reconstruction of chemical reaction networks (CRNs) from concentration data. The framework utilizes an integral formulation of the differential equations governing the…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2026-02-13 Abraham Reyes-Velazquez , Stefan Güttel , Igor Larrosa , Jonas Latz

Motivation: A Chemical Reaction Network (CRN) is a set of chemical reactions, which can be very complex and difficult to analyze. Indeed, dynamical properties of CRNs can be described by a set of non-linear differential equations that…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2021-07-02 Lucia Nasti , Roberta Gori , Paolo Milazzo , Federico Poloni

We consider how to generate chemical reaction networks (CRNs) from functional specifications. We propose a two-stage approach that combines synthesis by satisfiability modulo theories and Markov chain Monte Carlo based optimisation. First,…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2015-08-19 Neil Dalchau , Niall Murphy , Rasmus Petersen , Boyan Yordanov

This paper is concerned with programming adaptive linear neural networks (ALNNs) using chemical reaction networks (CRNs) equipped with mass-action kinetics. Through individually programming the forward propagation and the backpropagation of…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2022-04-14 Yuzhen Fan , Xiaoyu Zhang , Chuanhou Gao

While the field of first-principles explorations into chemical reaction space has been continuously growing, the development of strategies for analyzing resulting chemical reaction networks (CRNs) is lagging behind. A CRN consists of…

Chemical Physics · Physics 2022-12-19 Paul L. Türtscher , Markus Reiher
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