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Replication of experimental results has been a challenge faced by many scientific disciplines, including the field of machine learning. Recent work on the theory of machine learning has formalized replicability as the demand that an…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-15 Eric Eaton , Marcel Hussing , Michael Kearns , Aaron Roth , Sikata Bela Sengupta , Jessica Sorrell

A major challenge of reinforcement learning (RL) in real-world applications is the variation between environments, tasks or clients. Meta-RL (MRL) addresses this issue by learning a meta-policy that adapts to new tasks. Standard MRL methods…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-03 Ido Greenberg , Shie Mannor , Gal Chechik , Eli Meirom

Reinforcement learning has recently experienced increased prominence in the machine learning community. There are many approaches to solving reinforcement learning problems with new techniques developed constantly. When solving problems…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-12-14 Belinda Stapelberg , Katherine M. Malan

A trustworthy reinforcement learning algorithm should be competent in solving challenging real-world problems, including {robustly} handling uncertainties, satisfying {safety} constraints to avoid catastrophic failures, and {generalizing}…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-09-19 Mengdi Xu , Zuxin Liu , Peide Huang , Wenhao Ding , Zhepeng Cen , Bo Li , Ding Zhao

In this work, we address the problem of determining reliable policies in reinforcement learning (RL), with a focus on optimization under uncertainty and the need for performance guarantees. While classical RL algorithms aim at maximizing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-22 Nadir Farhi

This article is a gentle discussion about the field of reinforcement learning in practice, about opportunities and challenges, touching a broad range of topics, with perspectives and without technical details. The article is based on both…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-04-25 Yuxi Li

Practical application of Reinforcement Learning (RL) often involves risk considerations. We study a generalized approximation scheme for risk measures, based on Monte-Carlo simulations, where the risk measures need not necessarily be…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-08-23 Dotan Di Castro , Joel Oren , Shie Mannor

Currently, reinforcement learning (RL), especially deep RL, has received more and more attention in the research area. However, the security of RL has been an obvious problem due to the attack manners becoming mature. In order to defend…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-04 Jiarui Yao , Simon Shaolei Du

Fairness-aware learning aims at satisfying various fairness constraints in addition to the usual performance criteria via data-driven machine learning techniques. Most of the research in fairness-aware learning employs the setting of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-05-23 Pratik Gajane , Akrati Saxena , Maryam Tavakol , George Fletcher , Mykola Pechenizkiy

Reinforcement learning (RL) has proven its worth in a series of artificial domains, and is beginning to show some successes in real-world scenarios. However, much of the research advances in RL are hard to leverage in real-world systems due…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-03-05 Gabriel Dulac-Arnold , Nir Levine , Daniel J. Mankowitz , Jerry Li , Cosmin Paduraru , Sven Gowal , Todd Hester

Many real-world systems problems require reasoning about the long term consequences of actions taken to configure and manage the system. These problems with delayed and often sequentially aggregated reward, are often inherently…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-09-06 Ameer Haj-Ali , Nesreen K. Ahmed , Ted Willke , Joseph Gonzalez , Krste Asanovic , Ion Stoica

In recent years, challenging control problems became solvable with deep reinforcement learning (RL). To be able to use RL for large-scale real-world applications, a certain degree of reliability in their performance is necessary. Reported…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-11-11 Nirnai Rao , Elie Aljalbout , Axel Sauer , Sami Haddadin

In most practical applications of reinforcement learning, it is untenable to maintain direct estimates for individual states; in continuous-state systems, it is impossible. Instead, researchers often leverage state similarity (whether…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-02-03 Charline Le Lan , Marc G. Bellemare , Pablo Samuel Castro

Trustworthy verifiers are essential for the success of reinforcement learning with verifiable reward (RLVR), which is the core methodology behind various large reasoning models such as DeepSeek-R1. In complex domains like mathematical…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-08 Yuzhen Huang , Weihao Zeng , Xingshan Zeng , Qi Zhu , Junxian He

Reinforcement learning (RL) experiments have notoriously high variance, and minor details can have disproportionately large effects on measured outcomes. This is problematic for creating reproducible research and also serves as an obstacle…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-02-08 Johan Bjorck , Carla P. Gomes , Kilian Q. Weinberger

Ensuring the safety of reinforcement learning (RL) algorithms is crucial to unlock their potential for many real-world tasks. However, vanilla RL and most safe RL approaches do not guarantee safety. In recent years, several methods have…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-21 Hanna Krasowski , Jakob Thumm , Marlon Müller , Lukas Schäfer , Xiao Wang , Matthias Althoff

Reinforcement Learning (RL) has emerged as a powerful paradigm in Artificial Intelligence (AI), enabling agents to learn optimal behaviors through interactions with their environments. Drawing from the foundations of trial and error, RL…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-02-04 Majid Ghasemi , Amir Hossein Moosavi , Dariush Ebrahimi

Reinforcement learning (RL) is an innovative approach to financial decision making, offering specialized solutions to complex investment problems where traditional methods fail. This review analyzes 167 articles from 2017--2025, focusing on…

Computational Finance · Quantitative Finance 2025-12-12 Mohammad Rezoanul Hoque , Md Meftahul Ferdaus , M. Kabir Hassan

Machine learning (especially reinforcement learning) methods for trading are increasingly reliant on simulation for agent training and testing. Furthermore, simulation is important for validation of hand-coded trading strategies and for…

Trading and Market Microstructure · Quantitative Finance 2019-12-12 Svitlana Vyetrenko , David Byrd , Nick Petosa , Mahmoud Mahfouz , Danial Dervovic , Manuela Veloso , Tucker Hybinette Balch

Reinforcement Learning (RL) is one of the most dynamic research areas in Game AI and AI as a whole, and a wide variety of games are used as its prominent test problems. However, it is subject to the replicability crisis that currently…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-03-03 Matthias Müller-Brockhausen , Aske Plaat , Mike Preuss