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Non-stationary time series modelling is applied to long tidal records from Esbjerg, Denmark, and coupled to climate change projections for sea-level and storminess, to produce projections of likely future sea-level maxima. The model has…

Along-track wavenumber spectral densities of sea surface height (SSH) are estimated from Jason-2 altimetry data as a function of spatial location and calendar month, to understand the seasonality of meso- and submesoscale balanced dynamics…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2022-09-14 Albion Lawrence , Jörn Callies

The reconstruction of ocean subsurface temperature (OST) using satellite remote sensing data holds significant scientific value for advancing the understanding of ocean dynamics and climate variability. However, the scarcity of subsurface…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2026-05-05 Ming Shan Loo , Wengen Li , Xudong Jiang , Hailiang Cheng , Zhifei Zhang , Jihong Guan , Yichao Zhang

The forecasting and reconstruction of ocean and atmosphere dynamics from satellite observation time series are key challenges. While model-driven representations remain the classic approaches, data-driven representations become more and…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2018-06-04 Said Ouala , Cedric Herzet , Ronan Fablet

We present a robust method to estimate the redshift of galaxies using Pan-STARRS1 photometric data. Our method is an adaptation of the one proposed by Beck et al. (2016) for the SDSS Data Release 12. It uses a training set of 2313724…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2020-10-14 Paula Tarrío , Stefano Zarattini

Reliable estimates of sea level return levels are crucial for coastal flooding risk assessments and for coastal flood defence design. We describe a novel method for estimating extreme sea levels that is the first to capture seasonality,…

Applications · Statistics 2022-07-21 Eleanor D'Arcy , Jonathan A. Tawn , Amélie Joly , Dafni E. Sifnioti

Land surface temperature (LST) is vital for land-atmosphere interactions and climate processes. Accurate LST retrieval remains challenging under heterogeneous land cover and extreme atmospheric conditions. Traditional split window (SW)…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2025-09-08 Tian Xie , Huanfeng Shen , Menghui Jiang , Juan-Carlos Jiménez-Muñoz , José A. Sobrino , Huifang Li , Chao Zeng

Land surface temperature (LST) is a critical parameter for characterizing surface energy balance and hydrothermal processes. While Landsat provides invaluable LST observations at medium spatial resolution for over 40 years, its native…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2026-04-01 Huanfeng Shen , Chan Li , Menghui Jiang , Penghai Wu , Guanhao Zhang , Tian Xie

Land Surface Temperature (LST) plays a key role in climate monitoring, urban heat assessment, and land-atmosphere interactions. However, current thermal infrared satellite sensors cannot simultaneously achieve high spatial and temporal…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-24 Sofiane Bouaziz , Adel Hafiane , Raphael Canals , Rachid Nedjai

Land Surface Temperature (LST) is one of the key parameters in the physics of land-surface processes on regional and global scales, combining the results of all surface-atmosphere interactions and energy fluxes between the surface and the…

Geophysics · Physics 2016-11-03 Ana Belen Ruescas , Olaf Danne , Norman Fomferra , Carsten Brockmann

We present predictions for the angular correlation function and redshift distribution for SHADES, the SCUBA HAlf-Degree Extragalactic Survey, which will yield a sample of around 300 sub-mm sources in the 850 micron waveband in two separate…

In the present study, we performed a 53-year wave hindcast (1970-2022) for a significant portion of the South China Sea (SCS) with an unstructured mesh that reaches considerably high resolution along the coasts of the Guangdong province…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2025-07-03 Tiziano Bagnasco , Alessandro Stocchino , Michalis I. Vousdoukas , Jinghua Wang

Projections of extreme sea levels (ESLs) are critical for managing coastal risks, but are made complicated by deep uncertainties. One key uncertainty is the choice of model structure used to estimate coastal hazards. Differences in model…

Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability · Physics 2020-06-15 Tony E. Wong , Travis Torline , Mingxuan Zhang

Atmospheric blocking events drive persistent weather extremes in midlatitudes, but isolating the influence of sea surface temperature (SST) from chaotic internal atmospheric variability on these events remains a challenge. We address this…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2026-02-06 Zilu Meng , Gregory J. Hakim , Wenchang Yang , Gabriel A. Vecchi

The diurnal variability of sea surface temperature (SST) may play an important role for cloud organization above the tropical ocean, with implications for precipitation extremes, storminess, and climate sensitivity. Recent cloud-resolving…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2024-06-19 Reyk Börner , Jan O. Haerter , Romain Fiévet

Max-stable processes are a common choice for modelling spatial extreme data as they arise naturally as the infinite-dimensional generalisation of multivariate extreme value theory. Statistical inference for such models is complicated by the…

Earth-observing satellite instruments obtain a massive number of observations every day. For example, tens of millions of sea surface temperature (SST) observations on a global scale are collected daily by the Moderate Resolution Imaging…

Applications · Statistics 2021-11-29 Huang Huang , Lewis R. Blake , Matthias Katzfuss , Dorit M. Hammerling

Estimating spatial extremes from sparse observational networks produces uncertain return level maps, but dense output from physics-based simulation models is often available as a complementary data source. We develop a two-stage frequentist…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-03-04 Brian N. White , Brian Blanton , Rick Luettich , Richard L. Smith

The ocean wave distribution in a specific region of space and time is described by its sea state. Knowledge about the sea states a ship encounters on a journey can be used to assess various parameters of risk and wear associated with the…

Applications · Statistics 2019-06-04 Anders Hildeman , David Bolin , Igor Rychlik

Satellite altimetry is a unique way for direct observations of sea surface dynamics. This is however limited to the surface-constrained geostrophic component of sea surface velocities. Ageostrophic dynamics are however expected to be…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2023-01-09 Ronan Fablet , Bertrand Chapron , Julien Le Sommer , Florian Sévellec