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This Essay explores consequences of a dark non-linear electromagnetic sector in a Universe with a net dark charge for matter. The cosmological dynamics can be described by a Lema\^itre model and understood thanks to a screening mechanism…
Early dark energy, as a proposed solution to the Hubble tension, faces an additional "why now" problem. Why should dark energy emerge just prior to recombination, billions of years before the onset of cosmic acceleration? Assisted…
Recently, using Bayesian Machine Learning, a deviation from the cold dark matter model on cosmological scales has been put forward. Such model might replace a proposed non-gravitational interaction between dark energy and dark matter, and…
The good agreement between large-scale observations and the predictions of the now-standard $\Lambda$CDM theory gives us hope that this will become a lasting foundation for cosmology. After briefly reviewing the current status of the key…
The standard model of cosmology, the $\Lambda$CDM model, describes the evolution of the Universe since the Big Bang with just a few parameters, six in its basic form. Despite being the simplest model, direct late-time measurements of the…
Current tensions in cosmology, including $H_0$ and $\sigma_8$, provide one of the strong reasons to suspect the existence of physics beyond the standard model of cosmology ($\Lambda$CDM). In this paper, we investigate if there is a relation…
The Planck collaboration has recently published maps of the Cosmic Microwave Background radiation with the highest precision. In the standard flat $\Lambda$CDM framework, Planck data show that the Hubble constant $H_0$ is in tension with…
The standard cosmological model, the $\Lambda$CDM model, is the most suitable description for our universe. This framework can explain the accelerated expansion phase of the universe but still is not immune to open problems when it comes to…
The recently observed Deuterium abundance in a low- metallicity high-redshift hydrogen cloud, which is about ten times larger than that observed in the near interstellar medium, is that expected from the Standard Big Bang Nucleosynthesis…
The local measurement of $H_0$ is in tension with the prediction of $\Lambda$CDM model based on the Planck data. This tension may imply that dark energy is strengthened in the late-time Universe. We employ the latest cosmological…
Light element nucleosynthesis is an important chapter of nuclear astrophysics. Specifically, the rare and fragile light nuclei Lithium, Beryllium and Boron (LiBeB) are not generated in the normal course of stellar nucleosynthesis (except…
Local measurements of the Hubble constant currently disagree with the high-precision value that is inferred from the CMB under the assumption of a $\Lambda$CDM cosmology. The significance of this tension clearly motivates studying…
The observation of new physics events with large missing transverse energy at the LHC would potentially serve as evidence for the direct production of dark matter. A crucial step toward verifying such evidence is the measurement of the…
The $\Lambda$CDM model successfully explains a wide range of cosmological observations; however, persistent discrepancies most notably the $H_0$ tension between early and late time measurements challenge its completeness. No proposed…
Cosmological observables are particularly sensitive to key ratios of energy densities and rates, both today and at earlier epochs of the Universe. Well-known examples include the photon-to-baryon and the matter-to-radiation ratios. Equally…
The tension between early and late Universe probes of the Hubble constant has motivated various new FLRW cosmologies. Here, we reanalyse the Hubble tension with a recent age of the Universe constraint. This allows us to restrict attention…
We revisit the quantum cosmological constant problem and highlight the important roles played by the dS horizon of zero point energy. We argue that fields which are light enough to have dS horizon of zero point energy comparable to the FLRW…
We consider a recently proposed model in which dark matter interacts with a thermal background of dark radiation. Dark radiation consists of relativistic degrees of freedom which allow larger values of the expansion rate of the universe…
Models in which a subcomponent of dark matter interacts with dark radiation have been proposed as a solution to the Hubble tension. In this framework, the interacting subcomponent of dark matter is in thermal equilibrium with the dark…
We present a Bayesian comparative analysis of five cosmological models: $\Lambda$CDM, $w$CDM, $w_0w_a$CDM, $\phi$CDM (with scalar-field dark energy), and an interacting dark energy scenario (the $\xi$-index model), to investigate dark…